Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Tackling Africa’s digital divide

Innovations in ‘sustainable’ photonics technologies such as free-space optical links and solar-powered equipment provide developing countries with new cost-effective opportunities for deploying future-proof telecommunication networks.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: The digital divide.
Fig. 2: A proposed sustainable network.
Fig. 3: Comparative sustainability.

References

  1. Keiser, G. Encyclopedia of Telecommunications (Wiley, London, 2003).

  2. A Framework for the Establishment and Maintenance of a Sustainable NICIS (Report of the International Committee for the Development of South Africa’s National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System Appointed by the Department of Science and Technology, December 2013); http://www.dst.gov.za/index.php/resource-center/cyber-infrastructure2.

  3. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

  4. Zeilinger, A. Nat. Phys. 14, 3–4 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yin, J. et al. Science 356, 1140–1144 (2017).

  6. Diamanti, E. & Kashefi, E. Nat. Phys. 13, 3–4 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fagas, G., Gallagher, J. P., Gammaitoni, L. & Paul, D. J. in ICT - Energy Concepts for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability (ed. Fagas, G.) Ch. 1 (InTech, 2017).

  8. http://www.greentouch.org/

  9. Ahmed, M., Ahmad, I. & Habibi, D. IEEE/OSA J. Optical Commun. Networking 7, 669–680 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ahmed, M., Ahmad, I. & Habibi, D. J. Lightwave Technol. 33, 7–18 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mowla, M. M., Ahmad, I., Habibi, D. & Phung, Q. V. IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Networking 1, 264–280 (2017).

  12. Fadlullah, Z. M. et al. IEEE Intelligent Syst. 28, 86–91 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen, J., Gong, Y., Fiorani, M. & Aleksic, A. IEEE Commun. Magazine 53, 140–148 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chiaroni, D. Network Energy: problematic and solutions towards sustainable ICT. Tu1E-07 In 24th Congress of the International Commission for Optics (2017).

  15. De Domenico, A., Calvanese Strinati, E. & Capone, A. Compt. Commun. 37, 5–24 (2014).

  16. Tombaz, S. et al. 2014 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC) 4029–4035 (2014).

  17. https://5g-ppp.eu/

  18. Hamza, A. S., Deogun, J. S. & Alexander, D. R. IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 18, 1572–1595 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Li, X., Huo, Y., Zhang, R. & Hanzo, L. IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Networking 1, 59–73 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, T. Q., Green, R. J. & Armstrong, J. IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun. 33, 1959–1971 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Richardson, D. J., Fini, J. M. & Nelson, L. E. Nat. Photon. 7, 354–362 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Willner, A. E. et al. Adv. Optics Photon. 7, 66–106 (2015).

  23. Fontaine, N. K. et al. in Asia Commun. Photon. Conf. OSA Technical Digest (online) M1J.4 (Optical Society of America, 2017).

  24. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ict/brief/making-rural-broadband-affordable

  25. South Africa’s inequality is no longer about race. The Economist (20 May 2017); https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21722155-democracy-has-brought-wealth-only-few.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the EPSRC Global Challenges Research Fund, the South African National Research Foundation, the South African Research Chair Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology, the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB340004), the Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship, the programme for Huazhong University of Science and Technology Academic Frontier Youth Team, the National Research Foundation and the Royal Academy of Engineering for their support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Martin P. J. Lavery or Andrew Forbes.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lavery, M.P.J., Abadi, M.M., Bauer, R. et al. Tackling Africa’s digital divide. Nature Photon 12, 249–252 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0162-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0162-z

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing