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Quantum-dot-based deterministic photon–emitter interfaces for scalable photonic quantum technology

Nature Nanotechnology volume 16, pages 1308–1317 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

The scale-up of quantum hardware is fundamental to realize the full potential of quantum technology. Among a plethora of hardware platforms, photonics stands out: it provides a modular approach where the main challenges lie in the construction of high-quality building blocks and in the development of methods to interface the modules. The subsequent scale-up could exploit mature integrated photonics foundry technology to produce small-footprint quantum processors of immense complexity. Solid-state quantum emitters can realize a deterministic photon–emitter interface and enable key quantum photonic resources and functionalities, including on-demand single- and multi-photon-entanglement sources, as well as photon–photon nonlinear quantum gates. In this Review, we use the example of quantum dot devices to present the physics of deterministic photon–emitter interfaces, including the main photonic building blocks required to scale up, and discuss quantitative performance benchmarks. While our focus is on quantum dot devices, the presented methods also apply to other quantum-emitter platforms such as atoms, vacancy centres, molecules and superconducting qubits. We also identify applications within quantum communication and computing, presenting a route towards photonics with a genuine quantum advantage.

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Fig. 1: Scalable and modular quantum photonic technology based on deterministic single-photon quantum hardware.
Fig. 2: Deterministic photon–emitter interface with QD in a planar nanophotonic waveguide.
Fig. 3: Illustration of basic functionalities required to construct a general-purpose quantum processor based on deterministic photon–emitter interfaces.
Fig. 4: Multi-photon and entangled photon generation.
Fig. 5: Applications of deterministic photon–emitter interfaces in quantum communication and quantum computing.

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Acknowledgements

We thank S. Paesani for constructive comments on the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF 139, Hy-Q Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks).

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  1. Ravitej Uppu

    Present address: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

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  1. Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Ravitej Uppu, Leonardo Midolo, Xiaoyan Zhou, Jacques Carolan & Peter Lodahl

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Uppu, R., Midolo, L., Zhou, X. et al. Quantum-dot-based deterministic photon–emitter interfaces for scalable photonic quantum technology. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1308–1317 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00965-6

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