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Superconducting gatemon qubit based on a proximitized two-dimensional electron gas

Nature Nanotechnology volume 13, pages 915–919 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

The coherent tunnelling of Cooper pairs across Josephson junctions (JJs) generates a nonlinear inductance that is used extensively in quantum information processors based on superconducting circuits, from setting qubit transition frequencies1 and interqubit coupling strengths2 to the gain of parametric amplifiers3 for quantum-limited readout. The inductance is either set by tailoring the metal oxide dimensions of single JJs, or magnetically tuned by parallelizing multiple JJs in superconducting quantum interference devices with local current-biased flux lines. JJs based on superconductor–semiconductor hybrids represent a tantalizing all-electric alternative. The gatemon is a recently developed transmon variant that employs locally gated nanowire superconductor–semiconductor JJs for qubit control4,5. Here we go beyond proof-of-concept and demonstrate that semiconducting channels etched from a wafer-scale two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are a suitable platform for building a scalable gatemon-based quantum computer. We show that 2DEG gatemons meet the requirements6 by performing voltage-controlled single qubit rotations and two-qubit swap operations. We measure qubit coherence times up to ~2 μs, limited by dielectric loss in the 2DEG substrate.

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Fig. 1: 2DEG gatemon.
Fig. 2: Coherent qubit manipulation.
Fig. 3: Coherence times.
Fig. 4: Coherent two-qubit interaction.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge helpful discussions with A. C. C. Drachmann, H. J. Suominen, E. C. T. O’Farrell, A. Fornieri, A. M. Whiticar and F. Nichele. This work was supported by Microsoft Project Q, the US Army Research Office, the Innovation Fund Denmark and the Danish National Research Foundation. C.M.M. acknowledges support from the Villum Foundation. M.R.C. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 750777, and EPSRC (EP/L020963/1). M.K. acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation. N.J.P. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation and NCCR QSIT. The travelling wave parametric amplifier used in this experiment was provided by MIT Lincoln Laboratory and Irfan Siddiqi Quantum Consulting (ISQC), LLC, via sponsorship from the US Government.

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Author notes

  1. Morten Kjaergaard

    Present address: Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

  2. These authors contributed equally: Lucas Casparis, Malcolm R. Connolly.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Quantum Devices, Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Lucas Casparis, Malcolm R. Connolly, Morten Kjaergaard, Natalie J. Pearson, Anders Kringhøj, Thorvald W. Larsen, Ferdinand Kuemmeth, Charles M. Marcus & Karl D. Petersson

  2. Theoretische Physik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Natalie J. Pearson

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Tiantian Wang, Candice Thomas & Michael J. Manfra

  4. Station Q Purdue, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Tiantian Wang, Candice Thomas, Sergei Gronin, Geoffrey C. Gardner & Michael J. Manfra

  5. School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Michael J. Manfra

  6. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Michael J. Manfra

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Contributions

T.W., C.T., S.G., G.C.G. and M.J.M. grew the proximitized 2DEG. M.K., L.C., C.M.M. and K.D.P designed the experiment. L.C., M.R.C., A.K., N.J.P., T.W.L., and K.D.P. prepared the experimental set-up. L.C. and M.R.C. fabricated the devices and performed the experiment. L.C., M.R.C., M.K., A.K., T.W.L., F.K., C.M.M. and K.D.P. analysed the data and prepared the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Karl D. Petersson.

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Casparis, L., Connolly, M.R., Kjaergaard, M. et al. Superconducting gatemon qubit based on a proximitized two-dimensional electron gas. Nature Nanotech 13, 915–919 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0207-y

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