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Crosstalk between γδ T cells and the microbiota

Nature Microbiology volume 6, pages 1110–1117 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

The role of the microbiota in the development and function of γδ T cells—a T cell subset characterized by a T cell receptor composed of one γ-chain and one δ-chain—has been investigated in multiple organs in mice and humans. Interactions between the microbiota and γδ T cells affect both tissue homeostasis and disease pathologies. Notably, microbiota-induced interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing-γδ T cells can mediate a range of immunological processes, from metabolic disorders to neuroinflammation via the gut–brain axis. However, the bidirectional interactions between γδ T cells and the microbiota have not been fully determined. In this Perspective, we dissect the roles of microbiota in modulating γδ T cell development and function, and evaluate the evidence for γδ T cell selection of commensal communities. We also discuss the potential implications of these cells in health and disease and the major open questions and research avenues in the field.

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Fig. 1: Microbiota–γδ T cell crosstalk in the skin.
Fig. 2: Microbiota-mediated control of γδ17 T cells and their impact on liver and brain inflammation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. C. Ribot for insightful discussions on this topic. Figures were created with BioRender.com. Our work is supported by European Molecular Biology Organization (LTF 191-2019) to P.H.P., Swiss National Foundation (SNF) Ambizione Grant PZ00P3_185880 and Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research (no. 19A013) to B.Y., and ‘la Caixa’ Foundation (ID 100010434, LCF/PR/HR19/52160011) to B.S.-S.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Pedro H. Papotto, Bahtiyar Yilmaz

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Pedro H. Papotto

  2. Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Bahtiyar Yilmaz

  3. Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Bruno Silva-Santos

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P.H.P. and B.Y. drafted the manuscript and prepared the figures. B.S.-S. critically revised and finalized the manuscript.

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Papotto, P.H., Yilmaz, B. & Silva-Santos, B. Crosstalk between γδ T cells and the microbiota. Nat Microbiol 6, 1110–1117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00948-2

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