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Nonlinear physics of moiré superlattices

Nature Materials volume 23, pages 1179–1192 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Nonlinear physics is one of the most important research fields in modern physics and materials science. It offers an unprecedented paradigm for exploring many fascinating physical phenomena and realizing diverse cutting-edge applications inconceivable in the framework of linear processes. Here we review the recent theoretical and experimental progress concerning the nonlinear physics of synthetic quantum moiré superlattices. We focus on the emerging nonlinear electronic, optical and optoelectronic properties of moiré superlattices, including but not limited to the nonlinear anomalous Hall effect, dynamically twistable harmonic generation, nonlinear optical chirality, ultralow-power-threshold optical solitons and spontaneous photogalvanic effect. We also present our perspectives on the future opportunities and challenges in this rapidly progressing field, and highlight the implications for advances in both fundamental physics and technological innovations.

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Fig. 1: Timeline of selected moiré physics with an emphasis on nonlinear effects.
Fig. 2: Moiré materials and structures.
Fig. 3: Nonlinear electronics of moiré superlattices.
Fig. 4: Nonlinear photonics of moiré materials.
Fig. 5: Nonlinear optics of moiré structures.
Fig. 6: Nonlinear optoelectronics of moiré superlattices.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge discussion with F. Xia and Y. S. Kivshar. We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grants 61888102 and 12274447), the National Key Research and Development Program (grants 2021YFA1202900 and 2023YFA1407000), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDB0470101), the Academy of Finland (314810, 333982, 336144, 336818, 352780, 352930, 360411 and 353364), the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme (320167, PREIN), ERC (834742), the EU H2020-MSCA-RISE-872049 (IPN-Bio), the Jane and Aatos Erkko foundation and the Technology Industries of Finland centennial foundation (Future Makers 2022), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA2386-21-1-4066), the National Science Foundation (grant DMR 2132470) and the Army Research Office (grant W911NF-17-1-0312).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Luojun Du, Zhiheng Huang, Jin Zhang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Luojun Du, Zhiheng Huang & Guangyu Zhang

  2. School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Luojun Du, Zhiheng Huang & Guangyu Zhang

  3. QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

    Jin Zhang & Zhipei Sun

  4. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Fangwei Ye

  5. CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China

    Qing Dai

  6. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Qing Dai

  7. Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Hui Deng

  8. Songshan-Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China

    Guangyu Zhang

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L.D. and Z.S. conceived the idea. L.D., Z.H., J.Z., F.Y., H.D., G.Z. and Z.S. led the writing. All authors reviewed and edited the paper before submission.

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Correspondence to Luojun Du, Guangyu Zhang or Zhipei Sun.

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Du, L., Huang, Z., Zhang, J. et al. Nonlinear physics of moiré superlattices. Nat. Mater. 23, 1179–1192 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01951-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01951-8

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