Pine cones deform ultraslowly as humidity changes, which is mostly driven by the spring-shaped and square microtubular heterostructure of the vascular bundles. This mechanism inspires the development of soft actuators with imperceptible but efficient motion under environmental stimuli.
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Laschi, C., Mazzolai, B. Move imperceptibly. Nat. Mater. 21, 1350–1351 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01411-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01411-1
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