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Sign-tunable anomalous Hall effect induced by two-dimensional symmetry-protected nodal structures in ferromagnetic perovskite thin films

Nature Materials volume 20, pages 1643–1649 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Magnetism and spin–orbit coupling are two quintessential ingredients underlying topological transport phenomena in itinerant ferromagnets. When spin-polarized bands support nodal points/lines with band degeneracy that can be lifted by spin–orbit coupling, the nodal structures become a source of Berry curvature, leading to a large anomalous Hall effect. However, two-dimensional systems can possess stable nodal structures only when proper crystalline symmetry exists. Here we show that two-dimensional spin-polarized band structures of perovskite oxides generally support symmetry-protected nodal lines and points that govern both the sign and the magnitude of the anomalous Hall effect. To demonstrate this, we performed angle-resolved photoemission studies of ultrathin films of SrRuO3, a representative metallic ferromagnet with spin–orbit coupling. We show that the sign-changing anomalous Hall effect upon variation in the film thickness, magnetization and chemical potential can be well explained by theoretical models. Our work may facilitate new switchable devices based on ferromagnetic ultrathin films.

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Fig. 1: FS of 2D ferromagnetic perovskites.
Fig. 2: ARPES data of a 4 u.c. SRO thin film.
Fig. 3: Non-monotonous AHE in SRO ultrathin films.
Fig. 4: Mechanism for the sign-tunable AHE induced by NLs and nodal points in a 2D ferromagnetic perovskite.
Fig. 5: Berry curvature hot spots from nodal structures and switchable AHE of the SRO ultrathin film.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors on request.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge discussions with J. R. Kim. This work is supported by IBS-R009-D1 and IBS-R009-G2 through the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Correlated Electron Systems. B.-J.Y. was supported by the Institute for Basic Science in Korea (grant no. IBS-R009-D1), Samsung Science and Technology Foundation under project no. SSTF-BA2002-06, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (no. 2021R1A2C4002773, and no. NRF-2021R1A5A1032996), and the US Army Research Office and Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development (AOARD) under grant no. W911NF-18-1-0137. S.Y.P. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (no. 2021R1C1C1009494) and by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (no. 2021R1A6A1A03043957). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Byungmin Sohn, Eunwoo Lee.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea

    Byungmin Sohn, Eunwoo Lee, Wonshik Kyung, Minsoo Kim, Donghan Kim, Bongju Kim, Hanyoung Ryu, Soonsang Huh, Ji Seop Oh, Jong Keun Jung, Dongjin Oh, Younsik Kim, Tae Won Noh, Bohm-Jung Yang & Changyoung Kim

  2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

    Byungmin Sohn, Eunwoo Lee, Wonshik Kyung, Minsoo Kim, Donghan Kim, Bongju Kim, Hanyoung Ryu, Soonsang Huh, Ji Seop Oh, Jong Keun Jung, Dongjin Oh, Younsik Kim, Tae Won Noh, Bohm-Jung Yang & Changyoung Kim

  3. Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

    Eunwoo Lee & Bohm-Jung Yang

  4. Department of Physics and Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea

    Se Young Park

  5. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Jinwoong Hwang & Jonathan D. Denlinger

  6. Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

    Moonsup Han

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Contributions

B.S., E.L., B.-J.Y. and C.K. conceived the project. S.Y.P., B.-J.Y. and C.K. led the project. B.S. synthesized and characterized the materials with support from B.K. and T.W.N.; B.S., W.K. and J.H. conducted ARPES measurements with support from J.D.D., J.S.O., J.K.J., D.O. and Y.K.; B.S., H.R. and S.H. conducted spin-resolved ARPES measurements. B.S. performed transport measurements. B.S. and B.K. performed magnetic measurements. M.K. and D.K. performed ionic liquid gating. B.S. analysed the experimental data. E.L. conducted tight-binding calculations and symmetry analysis. S.Y.P. conducted first-principles calculations. B.S., E.L., B.-J.Y. and C.K. wrote the paper with contributions from other authors. All authors participated in the discussions and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Se Young Park, Bohm-Jung Yang or Changyoung Kim.

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Sohn, B., Lee, E., Park, S.Y. et al. Sign-tunable anomalous Hall effect induced by two-dimensional symmetry-protected nodal structures in ferromagnetic perovskite thin films. Nat. Mater. 20, 1643–1649 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01101-4

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