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Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices

Nature Materials volume 19, pages 1151–1163 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Electrochemical capacitors can store electrical energy harvested from intermittent sources and deliver energy quickly, but their energy density must be increased if they are to efficiently power flexible and wearable electronics, as well as larger equipment. This Review summarizes progress in the field of materials for electrochemical capacitors over the past decade as well as outlines key perspectives for future research. We describe electrical double-layer capacitors based on high-surface-area carbons, pseudocapacitive materials such as oxides and the two-dimensional inorganic compounds known as MXenes, and emerging microdevices for the Internet of Things. We show that new nanostructured electrode materials and matching electrolytes are required to maximize the amount of energy and speed of delivery, and different manufacturing methods will be needed to meet the requirements of the future generation of electronic devices. Scientifically justified metrics for testing, comparison and optimization of various kinds of electrochemical capacitors are provided and explained.

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Fig. 1: Ragone plot.
Fig. 2: Carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors.
Fig. 3: Current performance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors and perspectives for improvements.

O. Fontaine

Fig. 4: Conceptual presentation of redox capacitance.
Fig. 5: Lithium-ion capacitors.
Fig. 6: Micro-supercapacitors for current and future technologies.

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Acknowledgements

P.S. acknowledges H. Shao, P. Rozier and C. Merlet for help with the figures, as well as the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Labex Store-Ex) and Institut Universitaire de France for support. Y.G.’s research on capacitive energy storage was primarily supported through the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures, and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences.

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  1. Materials Science Department—CIRIMAT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Patrice Simon

  2. Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS, Toulouse, France

    Patrice Simon

  3. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France

    Patrice Simon

  4. A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Yury Gogotsi

  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Yury Gogotsi

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Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y. Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices. Nat. Mater. 19, 1151–1163 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0747-z

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