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Integration of bulk materials with two-dimensional materials for physical coupling and applications

Abstract

Hybrid heterostructures are essential for functional device systems. The advent of 2D materials has broadened the material set beyond conventional 3D material-based heterostructures. It has triggered the fundamental investigation and use in applications of new coupling phenomena between 3D bulk materials and 2D atomic layers that have unique van der Waals features. Here we review the state-of-the-art fabrication of 2D and 3D heterostructures, present a critical survey of unique phenomena arising from forming 3D/2D interfaces, and introduce their applications. We also discuss potential directions for research based on these new coupled architectures.

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Fig. 1: 3D/2D structures and fabrication methods.
Fig. 2: Van der Waals epitaxy of various materials on 2D materials.
Fig. 3: Remote epitaxy of various materials on 2D materials-coated substrates and interplay between remote epitaxy and vdWE.
Fig. 4: Electrically coupled 3D/2D devices.
Fig. 5: Optically coupled 3D/2D devices.
Fig. 6: Heat coupling in 3D/2D structures.
Fig. 7: Lattice decoupling and vdW coupling in 3D/2D structures.

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Bae, SH., Kum, H., Kong, W. et al. Integration of bulk materials with two-dimensional materials for physical coupling and applications. Nat. Mater. 18, 550–560 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0335-2

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