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A multicaloric cooling cycle that exploits thermal hysteresis

Nature Materials volume 17, pages 929–934 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

The giant magnetocaloric effect, in which large thermal changes are induced in a material on the application of a magnetic field, can be used for refrigeration applications, such as the cooling of systems from a small to a relatively large scale. However, commercial uptake is limited. We propose an approach to magnetic cooling that rejects the conventional idea that the hysteresis inherent in magnetostructural phase-change materials must be minimized to maximize the reversible magnetocaloric effect. Instead, we introduce a second stimulus, uniaxial stress, so that we can exploit the hysteresis. This allows us to lock-in the ferromagnetic phase as the magnetizing field is removed, which drastically removes the volume of the magnetic field source and so reduces the amount of expensive Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets needed for a magnetic refrigerator. In addition, the mass ratio between the magnetocaloric material and the permanent magnet can be increased, which allows scaling of the cooling power of a device simply by increasing the refrigerant body. The technical feasibility of this hysteresis-positive approach is demonstrated using Ni–Mn–In Heusler alloys. Our study could lead to an enhanced usage of the giant magnetocaloric effect in commercial applications.

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Fig. 1: Explanation of the exploiting hysteresis cycle in comparison to the conventional magnetocaloric cooling cycle.
Fig. 2: Experimental demonstration of exploiting hysteresis cycle in Ni–Mn–In.
Fig. 3: Bulk Ni–Mn–In Heusler sample under the influence of a magnetic field and uniaxial stress.
Fig. 4: Testing the multicaloric performance of suction-cast Ni–Mn–In under the influence of a magnetic field and uniaxial stress.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 743116—project Cool Innov), the DFG (grant no. SPP 1599), the CICyT (Spain) project MAT2016-75823-R and the HLD at HZDR, a member of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Tino Gottschall, Maximilian Fries, Andreas Taubel, Lukas Pfeuffer, Konstantin P. Skokov & Oliver Gutfleisch

  2. Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany

    Tino Gottschall

  3. Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Adrià Gràcia-Condal, Lluís Mañosa & Antoni Planes

Authors
  1. Tino Gottschall
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  2. Adrià Gràcia-Condal
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  3. Maximilian Fries
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  8. Konstantin P. Skokov
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  9. Oliver Gutfleisch
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Contributions

T.G., M.F., A.T., L.P. and K.P.S. were responsible for the sample preparation. T.G., A.G.-C., A.P. and L.M. designed and performed the tensile test and cycling experiments. A.T., M.F. and K.P.S. took care of the adiabatic temperature-change measurements and microscopy. All the authors discussed the results and developed the explanation of the experiments. T.G. wrote the manuscript supported by all the co-authors. O.G. led the project.

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Correspondence to Tino Gottschall or Oliver Gutfleisch.

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Supplementary Figures 1–8, Supplementary References 1–2

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Gottschall, T., Gràcia-Condal, A., Fries, M. et al. A multicaloric cooling cycle that exploits thermal hysteresis. Nature Mater 17, 929–934 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0166-6

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