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Re-entrant charge order in overdoped (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ outside the pseudogap regime

Nature Materials volume 17, pages 697–702 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

In the underdoped regime, the cuprate high-temperature superconductors exhibit a host of unusual collective phenomena, including unconventional spin and charge density modulations, Fermi surface reconstructions, and a pseudogap in various physical observables. Conversely, overdoped cuprates are generally regarded as conventional Fermi liquids possessing no collective electronic order. In partial contradiction to this widely held picture, we report resonant X-ray scattering measurements revealing incommensurate charge order reflections for overdoped (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ (Bi2201), with correlation lengths of 40–60 lattice units, that persist up to temperatures of at least 250 K. The value of the charge order wavevector decreases with doping, in line with the extrapolation of the trend previously observed in underdoped Bi2201. In overdoped materials, however, charge order coexists with a single, unreconstructed Fermi surface without nesting or pseudogap features. The discovery of re-entrant charge order in Bi2201 thus calls for investigations in other cuprate families and for a reconsideration of theories that posit an essential relationship between these phenomena.

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Fig. 1: Observation of a quasi-elastic peak by RIXS in overdoped (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ (Tc = 11 K, p ~ 0.215).
Fig. 2: Doping and polarization dependence of the REXS peak in (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ.
Fig. 3: Energy and temperature dependence of the REXS peak in (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ.
Fig. 4: Doping dependence of the charge order signal in (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ and the corresponding phase diagram.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by ERC-P-ReXS project (2016-0790) of the Fondazione CARIPLO and Regione Lombardia, in Italy. M.M. was partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. X.J.Z. acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11334010 and 11534007), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0300300) and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB07020300). S.C. and M.G. acknowledge financial support from the Sapienza University project no. C26A115HTN. M.S. and G.M.D.L. acknowledge funding from the project QUANTOX of QuantERA ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies implemented within the EU H2020 Programme. The authors acknowledge insightful discussions with T. P. Devereaux, S. Kivelson, C. Di Castro, B. Moritz, P. Abbamonte and W. Metzner. The authors acknowledge the help of S. Sun and P. Abbamonte for the X-ray diffraction measurements, collected at the Department of Physics and Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, USA. The assistance of E. Schierle, for the RXS measurements at BESSY II (HZB), and of M. Celebrano, for the AFM images acquired at the Physics Department of the Politecnico di Milano, are gratefully acknowledged. The RIXS experimental data were collected at the beam line ID32 of the European Synchrotron (ESRF) in Grenoble (F) using the ERIXS spectrometer designed jointly by the ESRF and Politecnico di Milano.

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Author notes

  1. Y. Y. Peng

    Present address: Department of Physics and Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Y. Y. Peng, R. Fumagalli, L. Braicovich & G. Ghiringhelli

  2. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Y. Ding & X. J. Zhou

  3. Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany

    M. Minola, M. Bluschke, E. Lefrançois, H. Suzuki & B. Keimer

  4. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Roma, Italy

    S. Caprara & M. Grilli

  5. CNR-ISC, Roma, Italy

    S. Caprara & M. Grilli

  6. ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France

    D. Betto, K. Kummer, N. B. Brookes & L. Braicovich

  7. Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E. Pancini’, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy

    G. M. De Luca

  8. CNR-SPIN, Napoli, Italy

    G. M. De Luca & M. Salluzzo

  9. Institute of Solid State Physics (IFP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

    M. Le Tacon

  10. CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

    G. Ghiringhelli

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Contributions

G.G., Y.Y.P. and L.B. conceived and designed the experiments with suggestions from M.M., N.B.B. and B.K. Y.Y.P., R.F., G.G., L.B., M.M., D.B., G.M.D.L., K.K., E.L., M.S., H.S. and N.B.B. performed the RIXS measurements. M.M., R.F. and M.B performed the RXS measurements. G.G. contributed to AFM measurements. Y.D. and X.J.Z. performed the ARPES measurements. Y.Y.P. and G.G. analysed the RIXS experimental data. Y.Y.P., Y.D. and X.J.Z. analysed the ARPES experimental data. M.G. and S.C. performed the theoretical calculations. Y.D. and X.J.Z. synthesized, grew and characterized the Bi2201 single-crystals. Y.Y.P., G.G., B.K. and M.G. wrote the manuscript with the input from L.B., M.L.T., M.M. and R.F., and contributions from all authors.

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Correspondence to G. Ghiringhelli.

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Supplementary Information, 20 pages, Supplementary Figures 1–12, 12 Supplementary References 50–61

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Peng, Y.Y., Fumagalli, R., Ding, Y. et al. Re-entrant charge order in overdoped (Bi,Pb)2.12Sr1.88CuO6+δ outside the pseudogap regime. Nature Mater 17, 697–702 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0108-3

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