Retraction to: Nature Human Behaviour (2023) 8:311-319 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01749-9

The Editors are retracting this article following concerns initially raised by Bak-Coleman and Devezer1.

The concerns relate to lack of transparency and misstatement of the hypotheses and predictions the reported meta-study was designed to test; lack of preregistration for measures and analyses supporting the titular claim (against statements asserting preregistration in the published article); selection of outcome measures and analyses with knowledge of the data; and incomplete reporting of data and analyses.

Post-publication peer review and editorial examination of materials made available by the authors upheld these concerns. As a result, the Editors no longer have confidence in the reliability of the findings and conclusions reported in this article. The authors have been invited to submit a new manuscript for peer review.

All authors agree to this retraction due to incorrect statements of preregistration for the meta-study as a whole but disagree with other concerns listed in this note.