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Multiple spatial frames for immersive working memory

Nature Human Behaviour volume 6, pages 536–544 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

As we move around, relevant information that disappears from sight can still be held in working memory to serve upcoming behaviour. How we maintain and select visual information as we move through the environment remains poorly understood because most laboratory tasks of working memory rely on removing visual material while participants remain still. We used virtual reality to study visual working memory following self-movement in immersive environments. Directional biases in gaze revealed the recruitment of more than one spatial frame for maintaining and selecting memoranda following self-movement. The findings bring the important realization that multiple spatial frames support working memory in natural behaviour. The results also illustrate how virtual reality can be a critical experimental tool to characterize this core memory system.

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Fig. 1: Basic working memory task in VR and gaze signature of selection in working memory.
Fig. 2: Spatial frames for maintaining and selecting visual information following self-movement.
Fig. 3: Density plot for Experiment 3.
Fig. 4: Increasing memory demands increases reliance on both spatial frames.

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Data availability

All data are publicly available at https://osf.io/cj97y/.

Code availability

Code is available at https://osf.io/cj97y/.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (104571/Z/14/Z) and a James S. McDonnell Foundation Understanding Human Cognition Collaborative Award (220020448) to A.C.N., a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship from the European Commission (ACCESS2WM) and an ERC Starting Grant from the European Research Council (MEMTICIPATION, 850636) to F.v.E., and by the National Institutes of Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre. The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging is supported by core funding from the Wellcome Trust (203139/Z/16/Z). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Dejan Draschkow, Anna C. Nobre & Freek van Ede

  2. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Dejan Draschkow & Anna C. Nobre

  3. Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    Freek van Ede

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  1. Dejan Draschkow
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  3. Freek van Ede
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Contributions

D.D., A.C.N. and F.v.E. conceived and designed the experiments. D.D. programmed the experiments and acquired the data. D.D. and F.v.E. analysed the data. D.D., A.C.N. and F.v.E. interpreted the data. D.D., A.C.N. and F.v.E. drafted and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dejan Draschkow.

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Nature Human Behaviour thanks Joy Geng, Andrey Nikolaev and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available.

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Draschkow, D., Nobre, A.C. & van Ede, F. Multiple spatial frames for immersive working memory. Nat Hum Behav 6, 536–544 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01245-y

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