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Process-based framework for precise neuromodulation

Nature Human Behaviour volume 3, pages 436–445 (2019)Cite this article

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An Article was published on 05 June 2019

A Publisher Correction to this article was published on 30 April 2019

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Abstract

Functional MRI neurofeedback (NF) allows humans to self-modulate neural patterns in specific brain areas. This technique is regarded as a promising tool to translate neuroscientific knowledge into brain-guided psychiatric interventions. However, its clinical implementation is restricted by unstandardized methodological practices, by clinical definitions that are poorly grounded in neurobiology, and by lack of a unifying framework that dictates experimental choices. Here we put forward a new framework, termed ‘process-based NF’, which endorses a process-oriented characterization of mental dysfunctions to form precise and effective psychiatric treatments. This framework relies on targeting specific dysfunctional mental processes by modifying their underlying neural mechanisms and on applying process-specific contextual feedback interfaces. Finally, process-based NF offers designs and a control condition that address the methodological shortcomings of current approaches, thus paving the way for a precise and personalized neuromodulation.

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Fig. 1: Process-based NF framework.
Fig. 2: NF control conditions from a process-based perspective.
Fig. 3: Process-based experimental designs.

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  • 05 June 2019

    The original and corrected figures, and the Editorial Summary, are shown in the accompanying Publisher Correction.

    An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

  • 30 April 2019

    The original and corrected text is shown in the accompanying Publisher Correction.

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Acknowledgements

K.C.K., T.H., and D.E.J.L. are members of the BRAINTRAIN consortium, a Collaborative Project supported by the European Commission under the Health Cooperation Work Programme of the 7th Framework Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 602186. T.H. thanks the following grants: US Department of Defense grant agreement no. W81XWH-11–2–0008; Mafat, IDF, I-Core cognitive studies grant agreement no. 693210; the Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space (Grant No. 3-11170); Kamin Program of the Israel Innovation Authority (Grant No. 59143); and the Sagol Network for Brain Research. N.L. thanks JOY Ventures Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank E. Gregorian for her contribution to the graphic illustration depicted in Fig. 1.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Nitzan Lubianiker, Noam Goldway, Tom Fruchtman-Steinbok.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    Nitzan Lubianiker, Noam Goldway, Tom Fruchtman-Steinbok, Jacob N Keynan, Neomi Singer, Avihay Cohen & Talma Hendler

  2. School of Psychological Sciences, Gershon H. Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Nitzan Lubianiker, Tom Fruchtman-Steinbok, Jacob N Keynan, Neomi Singer, Avihay Cohen & Talma Hendler

  3. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Noam Goldway & Talma Hendler

  4. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

    Christian Paret

  5. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Kathrin Cohen Kadosh

  6. School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Kathrin Cohen Kadosh

  7. MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    David E J Linden

  8. School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    David E J Linden

  9. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Talma Hendler

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Lubianiker, N., Goldway, N., Fruchtman-Steinbok, T. et al. Process-based framework for precise neuromodulation. Nat Hum Behav 3, 436–445 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0573-y

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