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An isotopically depleted lower mantle component is intrinsic to the Hawaiian mantle plume

Abstract

Most ocean island basalts sample an isotopically depleted mantle component, but the origin of this component is unclear. It may come from either the entrained upper mantle or from a reservoir intrinsic to the plume, sourced from the lower mantle. For Hawaii, the isotopically depleted component is primarily sampled during the secondary rejuvenated-stage volcanism, 0.5–2 million years after the initial shield-stage volcanism. However, it is also inferred in shield and post-shield lavas. We analyse the radiogenic isotopic and trace element compositions of a suite of Mauna Kea shield-stage tholeiites, and found that they have the same isotopic compositions as rejuvenated-stage lavas. We use trace element models to show that these shield-stage basalts can be explained as higher degree partial melts of a rejuvenated-stage source. Our data, therefore, show that the depleted rejuvenated-stage component was directly sampled during shield-stage volcanism. The common source for both shield-stage and secondary rejuvenated volcanism implies that the depleted rejuvenated component is intrinsic to the Hawaiian mantle plume. It is further inferred that the mantle region from which the Hawaiian plume originates, probably in the lower mantle, is also isotopically depleted, similar but not identical to the upper mantle.

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Fig. 1: Map of the Hawaiian Islands and the Hawaiian Arch.
Fig. 2: HSDP depth profiles.
Fig. 3: Radiogenic isotope data of Mauna Kea high-CaO basalts relative to shield-stage basalts of both Hawaiian Kea and Loa-trend volcanoes, rejuvenated-stage basalts and Pacific MORBs.
Fig. 4: High-precision Pb isotope data for Hawaiian rejuvenated-stage lavas.
Fig. 5: Trace element patterns and models.

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The authors declare that all the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary Information.

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Acknowledgements

This project was supported by NSF grants EAR-1524387 and NSF Ocean Sciences grant no. 1355932. C.D. acknowledges the UNLV Department of Geoscience for support through the Jack and Fay Ross fellowship.

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C.D. and S.M. were responsible for the geochemical and isotopic measurements. All of the authors contributed to the data interpretation and model calculations and wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to C. DeFelice or S. Huang.

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Figs. 1–5.

Supplementary Table 1

Radiogenic isotope ratios of high-CaO basalts from HSDP.

Supplementary Table 2

Major and trace element concentrations of high-CaO basalts from HSDP, analysed by ICP-MS at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. All oxides are reported in wt% and trace elements are in ppm.

Supplementary Table 3

Radiogenic isotope ratios for blind duplicate samples and the original measurements of high-CaO basalts, and two HSDP samples analysed, Sr860-8.10 and Sr07613.23, refs 62,64–66.

Supplementary Table 4

Mineral modes, melt reactions and mineral partition coefficients used for the non-modal batch partial melting model. Mineral modes and melt reactions are of a garnet peridotite from ref. 141. Sc and V partition coefficients calculated based on ref. 45. DM starting concentrations from ref. 52. Sc and V starting composition from ref. 143. Partition coefficients from ref. 12, and if not listed, are calculated from the average of their neighbouring elements.

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DeFelice, C., Mallick, S., Saal, A.E. et al. An isotopically depleted lower mantle component is intrinsic to the Hawaiian mantle plume. Nat. Geosci. 12, 487–492 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0348-0

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