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High temperatures and electricity disconnections for low-income homes in California

Nature Energy volume 7, pages 1052–1064 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Evidence suggests that households adapt to hot weather by employing energy-intensive technologies, such as air conditioning. Ensuing energy expenses might cause some low-income households to incur insurmountable energy debt and eventually become disconnected due to non-payment. Here we examine this possibility using electricity use and disconnection data for 300,000 low-income households from California 2012–2017. We find that each additional day with a maximum temperature of 95 °F causes electricity expenses to increase by 1.6% in the current billing period, and the relative risk of disconnection to increase by 1.2% 51–75 days later. In the context of climate change, a back-of-the-envelope calculation indicates the average risk of disconnection would increase by 12% if today’s weather resembled projected weather for the 2080–2099 period.

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Fig. 1: Effect of temperature during current billing cycle on electricity usage and bill amount.
Fig. 2: Effect of temperature on subsequent disconnection risk.
Fig. 3: Means in outcomes since starting CARE for the regression discontinuity sample.
Fig. 4: Back-of-the-envelope calculations using future weather in place of today’s weather.

Data availability

The PRISM weather data can be accessed at https://prism.oregonstate.edu/. The electricity data for the current study are not publicly available due to a non-disclosure agreement with Southern California Edison but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request and written permission from Southern California Edison. Information on Southern California Edison’s Energy Request Program can be found at https://www.sce.com/partners/partnerships/access-energy-usage-data. Interested researchers should contact U. Beyerle or J. Sedlacek at ETH Zurich to gain access to the CMIP5 climate projection data.

Code availability

The Stata code used to estimate and graph the regressions is available on request. The ‘reghdfe’ command in Stata MP 16.0 was used for the regressions.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. We are grateful for U. Beyerle and J. Sedlacek at ETH Zurich, who provided access to the CMIP data. This research was supported by funding from the California Strategic Growth Council Climate Change Research Program (number CCRP0056) (A.B. and R.J.P.). R. Sheinberg provided valuable research assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of the Environment & Sustainability, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Alan Barreca & Paul Stainier

  2. Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Alan Barreca & R. Jisung Park

  3. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Alan Barreca

  4. Department of Public Policy, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA

    R. Jisung Park

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  1. Alan Barreca
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Contributions

A.B., R.J.P., and P.S. designed the research, interpreted the data and wrote the paper. A.B. and P.S. analysed the data.

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Correspondence to Alan Barreca.

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Barreca, A., Park, R.J. & Stainier, P. High temperatures and electricity disconnections for low-income homes in California. Nat Energy 7, 1052–1064 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01134-2

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