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BATTERY CATHODES

Oxygen release and oxygen redox

Nature Energy volume 3, pages 619–620 (2018)Cite this article

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Voltage fade has been a major barrier to the commercialization of a series of high-energy-density battery electrodes for more than a decade. It is now re-examined with advanced characterization techniques, which find its origin is correlated to oxygen activities.

Developing high-energy-density, stable and low-cost energy storage systems is a critical but formidable challenge for today’s sustainable energy applications, especially electric vehicles (EVs). Among various energy storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remain the most promising candidate to power EVs, provided that their energy density could be improved to meet commercial requirements to ease range anxiety. Lithium-rich (LR) 3d transition-metal (TM) oxides have long been proposed as a replacement for the conventional cathodes because of their significantly higher capacity (> 250 mAh g–1 versus < 200 mAh g–1). However, these advanced cathodes undergo a continuous decrease of the average voltage upon electrochemical cycling, dubbed as voltage fade, which seriously reduces the energy efficiency and complicates the battery management system. Therefore, fundamental mechanisms of voltage fade and practical approaches for alleviating it, including both lattice doping and surface/interface modifications, have been intensively studied since the discovery of LR materials1,2. However, questions remain on the origin of voltage fade, and truly effective solutions are yet to emerge to eliminate it while maintaining the high capacity.

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Fig. 1: Voltage-fade-related observations and possible links with redox-active oxygen.

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  1. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Wanli Yang

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  1. Wanli Yang
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Correspondence to Wanli Yang.

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Yang, W. Oxygen release and oxygen redox. Nat Energy 3, 619–620 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0222-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0222-0

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