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  • Perspective
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Using peer-to-peer energy-trading platforms to incentivize prosumers to form federated power plants

Abstract

Power networks are undergoing a fundamental transition, with traditionally passive consumers becoming ‘prosumers’ — proactive consumers with distributed energy resources, actively managing their consumption, production and storage of energy. A key question that remains unresolved is: how can we incentivize coordination between vast numbers of distributed energy resources, each with different owners and characteristics? Virtual power plants and peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading offer different sources of value to prosumers and the power network, and have been proposed as different potential structures for future prosumer electricity markets. In this Perspective, we argue they can be combined to capture the benefits of both. We thus propose the concept of the federated power plant, a virtual power plant formed through P2P transactions between self-organizing prosumers. This addresses social, institutional and economic issues faced by top-down strategies for coordinating virtual power plants, while unlocking additional value for P2P energy trading.

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Fig. 1: Multi-class P2P energy trading.
Fig. 2: Combining the energy transactions of a P2P platform and a VPP.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are appreciative for the support of the Oxford Martin Programme on Integrating Renewable Energy and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grant no. EP/N03466X/1, Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading and Sharing — 3M (Multi-times, Multi-scales, Multi-qualities).

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Correspondence to Thomas Morstyn.

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Morstyn, T., Farrell, N., Darby, S.J. et al. Using peer-to-peer energy-trading platforms to incentivize prosumers to form federated power plants. Nat Energy 3, 94–101 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0075-y

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