Insects across the globe are facing multiple anthropogenic pressures. A study combining several data streams and advanced modelling helps to unravel the main factors underlying declines in monarch butterfly populations.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Neonicotinoid seed treatment on sugar beet in England: a qualitative analysis of the controversy, existing policy and viability of alternatives
Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences Open Access 15 April 2023
-
The Present and Future of Insect Biodiversity Conservation in the Neotropics: Policy Gaps and Recommendations
Neotropical Entomology Open Access 14 March 2023
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Vidal, O. & Rendon-Salinas, E. Biol. Conserv. 180, 165–175 (2014).
Schultz, C. B., Brown, L. M., Pelton, E. & Crone, E. E. Biol. Conserv. 214, 343–346 (2017).
Semmens, B. X. et al. Sci. Rep. 6, 23265 (2016).
Zylstra, E. R. et al. Nat. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01504-1 (2021).
Warren, M. S. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2002551117 (2021).
van Strien, A. J., van Swaay, C. A. M., van Strien-van Liempt, W., Poot, M. J. M. & WallisDeVriesb, M. F. Biol. Conserv. 234, 116–122 (2019).
Wepprich, T., Adrion, J. R., Ries, L., Wiedmann, J. & Haddad, N. M. PLoS ONE 14, e0216270 (2019).
van Klink, R. et al. Science 368, 417–420 (2020).
Outhwaite, C. L., Gregory, R. D., Chandler, R. E., Collen, B. & Isaac, N. J. B. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 4, 384–392 (2020).
Pleasants, J. M. & Oberhauser, K. S. Insect Conserv. Diversity 6, 135–144 (2013).
Agrawal, A. A. & Inamine, H. Science 360, 1294–1296 (2018).
Inamine, H., Ellner, S. P., Springer, J. P. & Agrawal, A. A. Oikos 125, 1081–1091 (2016).
Thogmartin, W. E. et al. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 170760 (2017).
Flockhart, D. T. T., Pichancourt, J. B., Norris, D. R. & Martin, T. G. J. Anim. Ecol. 84, 155–165 (2015).
Wagner, D. L., Grames, E. M., Forister, M. L., Berenbaum, M. R. & Stopak, D. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2023989118 (2021).
Raven, P. H. & Wagner, D. L. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2002548117 (2021).
Montgomery, G. A. et al. Biol. Conserv. 241, 108327 (2020).
Hallmann, C. A. et al. PLoS ONE 12, e0185809 (2017).
Hallmann, C. A. et al. Insect Conserv. Diversity 13, 127–139 (2020).
Miller, D. A. W., Pacifici, K., Sanderlin, J. S. & Reich, B. J. Methods Ecol. Evol. 10, 22–37 (2019).
Isaac, N. J. B. et al. Trends Ecol. Evol. 35, 56–67 (2020).
Pagel, J. et al. Methods Ecol. Evol. 5, 751–760 (2014).
Schaub, M. & Abadi, F. J. Ornithol. 152, 227–237 (2011).
Dennis, E. B. et al. Ecol. Modell. 441, 109408 (2021).
Zipkin, E. F. & Saunders, S. P. Biol. Conserv. 217, 240–250 (2018).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bowler, D.E. Complex causes of insect declines. Nat Ecol Evol 5, 1334–1335 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01508-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01508-x
This article is cited by
-
The Present and Future of Insect Biodiversity Conservation in the Neotropics: Policy Gaps and Recommendations
Neotropical Entomology (2023)
-
Neonicotinoid seed treatment on sugar beet in England: a qualitative analysis of the controversy, existing policy and viability of alternatives
Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences (2023)