Private-sector capital is needed to scale-up forest and landscape restoration initiatives globally. To ensure the delivery of social and environmental restoration objectives, investors need to be matched appropriately to different types of restoration projects, while policies need to realign investment incentives away from degradation-driving activities.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Incentives and barriers to private finance for forest and landscape restoration
Nature Ecology & Evolution Open Access 08 May 2023
-
Carbon prospecting in tropical forests for climate change mitigation
Nature Communications Open Access 24 February 2021
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Sabogal, C., Besacier, C. & McGuire, D. Unasylva 66, 3–10 (2015).
Sustainable Financing for Forest and Landscape Restoration: Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2015).
Ghazoul, J. & Chazdon, R. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 42, 161–188 (2017).
Ding, H. et al. Roots of Prosperity: The Economics and Finance of Restoring Land (World Resources Institute, 2017).
De Groot, R. S. et al. Conserv. Biol. 27, 1286–1293 (2013).
Galaz, V., Crona, B., Dauriach, A., Scholtens, B. & Steffen, W. Glob. Environ. Change 53, 296–302 (2018).
Brancalion, P. H. S. et al. For. Policy Econ. 85, 103–113 (2017).
Gutierrez, V. & Keijzer, M.-N. Unasylva 245, 99–106 (2015).
Campbell, B. M., Thornton, P., Zougmore, R., van Asten, P. & Lipper, L. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 8, 39–43 (2014).
Hamrick, K. State of Private Investment in Conservation 2016: A Landscape Assessment of an Emerging Market (Forest Trends, 2017).
Kleinschroth, F., Garcia, C. & Ghazoul, J. Ambio 48, 153–159 (2019).
Green Bonds: State of the Market 2018 (Climate Bonds Initiative, 2019).
1st corporate sustainability bond in Asia issued by TLFF for a natural rubber company in Indonesia. Tropical Landscapes Finance Facility https://go.nature.com/2PccVA6 (2018).
Green Bonds and Integrated Landscape Management (IUCN National Committee of the Netherlands, 2018).
Railsback, S. F. & Johnson, M. D. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6109–6114 (2014).
Nesper, M., Kueffer, C., Krishnan, S., Kushalappa, C. G. & Ghazoul, J. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 247, 172–181 (2017).
Anderson, C. M., Asner, G. P., Llactayo, W. & Lambin, E. F. Land Use Policy 79, 174–178 (2018).
Viani, R. A. G., Braga, D. P. P., Ribeiro, M. C., Pereira, P. H. & Brancalion, P. H. S. Trop. Conserv. Sci. 11, 1–9 (2018).
Porras, I. Nature 487, 302 (2012).
Ghazoul, J., Garcia, C. A. & Kushalappa, C. G. For. Ecol. Manage. 258, 1889–1895 (2009).
Government Pension Fund Global Annual Report (Norges Bank Investment Management, 2018).
Nolte, C., de Waroux, Y. L., Munger, J., Reis, T. N. P. & Lambin, E. F. Glob. Environ. Change 43, 1–14 (2017).
Schweizer, D., van Kuijk, M., Meli, P., Bernardini, L. E. & Ghazoul, J. Forests 10, 530 (2019).
Havemann, T., Schuster, D., Leigh-Bell, J., Negra, C. & Levonen, A. Levering Ecosystems: A Business-Focused Perspective on How Debt Supports Investments in Ecosystem Services (Credit Suisse, 2016).
Acknowledgements
S.L. is funded by an ETH Zurich doctoral research grant. J.G. holds the Prince Bernhard Chair of International Nature Conservation, through which some of the ideas emerged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The article was conceptualized by J.G., the research was undertaken by S.L., and the paper was written and edited jointly by S.L. and J.G.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Löfqvist, S., Ghazoul, J. Private funding is essential to leverage forest and landscape restoration at global scales. Nat Ecol Evol 3, 1612–1615 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1031-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1031-y
This article is cited by
-
Incentives and barriers to private finance for forest and landscape restoration
Nature Ecology & Evolution (2023)
-
Carbon prospecting in tropical forests for climate change mitigation
Nature Communications (2021)
-
Integrating agroecological production in a robust post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Nature Ecology & Evolution (2020)
-
Improve forest restoration initiatives to meet Sustainable Development Goal 15
Nature Ecology & Evolution (2020)
-
Economic and social constraints on reforestation for climate mitigation in Southeast Asia
Nature Climate Change (2020)