Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Prevent perverse outcomes from global protected area policy

Aichi Target 11 has galvanized expansion of the global protected area network, but there is little evidence that this brings real biodiversity gains. We argue that area-based prioritization risks unintended perverse consequences and that the focus of protected area target development should shift from quantity to quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Perverse outcomes of pursuing percentage targets.

References

  1. Tittensor, D. P. et al. Science 346, 241–244 (2014).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fukuda-Parr, S. J. Hum. Dev. Capabil. 15, 118–131 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. COP 10 Decision X/2: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2010).

  4. Butchart, S. H. et al. Conserv. Lett. 8, 329–337 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kuempel, C. D., Chauvenet, A. L. M. & Possingham, H. P. Conserv. Lett. 9, 422–428 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Protected Planet Report 2016 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, 2016).

  7. Venter, O. et al. PLoS Biol. 12, e1001891 (2014).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. McCarthy, D. P. et al. Science 338, 946–949 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gill, D. A. et al. Nature 543, 665–669 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mascia, M. B. et al. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1399, 93–115 (2017).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Edgar, G. Aquat. Conserv. 27, 4–9 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Merry, S. E. Curr. Anthropol. 52, S83–S95 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pressey, R. L., Weeks, R. & Gurney, G. G. Biol. Conserv. 212, 337–348 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Barnes, M. D., Craigie, I. D., Dudley, N. & Hockings, M. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1399, 42–60 (2016).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Barnes, M. D., Glew, L., Craigie, I. D. & Wyborn, C. Nature 526, 195–195 (2015).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Barnes, M. D. et al. Nat. Commun. 7, 12747 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Dudley, N. & Stolton, S. Conversion of Paper Parks to Effective Management: Developing a Target (IUCN/WWF Forest Innovation Project, 1999).

  18. Craigie, I. D., Pressey, R. L. & Barnes, M. Biol. Conserv. 172, 221–222 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Joppa, L. N. & Pfaff, A. PLoS ONE 4, e8273 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Joppa, L. & Pfaff, A. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1185, 135–149 (2010).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. IUCN and World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas: User Manual, Version 1.0 (IUCN, Gland, 2016).

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge J. Ringma for graphic design support and H. E. Fox, B. Pressey and P. J. Stephenson for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was conducted under the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (CE11001000104) and funded by the Australian Government.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Megan D. Barnes.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Table 1 and Figure 1.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Barnes, M.D., Glew, L., Wyborn, C. et al. Prevent perverse outcomes from global protected area policy. Nat Ecol Evol 2, 759–762 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0501-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0501-y

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing Anthropocene

Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Anthropocene newsletter — what matters in anthropocene research, free to your inbox weekly.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing: Anthropocene