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Global warming decreases connectivity among coral populations

Nature Climate Change volume 12, pages 83–87 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Global warming is killing corals; however, the effects of warming on population connectivity, a process fundamental to reef recovery, are largely unexplored. Using a high-resolution (as high as 200 m), empirically calibrated biophysical model of coral larval dispersal for the southern Great Barrier Reef, we show that the increased larval mortality and reduced competency duration under a 2 °C warming alter dispersal patterns, whereas projected changes in large-scale currents have limited effects. Overall, there was on average a 7% decrease in the distance larvae disperse (among-reef interquartile range (IQR), −10% to −4%), an 8% decrease in the number of connections into each reef (IQR, −11% to −3%) and a 20% increase in local retention (IQR, 0% to +49%). Collectively, these shifts imply that 2 °C of warming will reduce inter-reef connectivity, hampering recovery after disturbances and reducing the spread of warm-adapted genes. Such changes make protections more effective locally, but may require reducing spacing between protected areas.

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Fig. 1: Maps showing the effects of a 2 °C increase in water temperature across the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, by reef.
Fig. 2: Relative change in recovery times in the 29 °C scenario (2050–2100) compared to the 27 °C scenario (current) following disturbance.

Data availability

Yearly connectivity matrices and the processed data used to construct Figs. 1a–e and 2 are available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4f4qrfjbk. Larval survival and competency is provided in the Appendix 1 (Supplementary Fig. 1) and can be obtained from the authors on request.

Code availability

The SLIM model source code can be found at https://git.immc.ucl.ac.be/dg/dg. Larval dynamics modelling is provided in the Appendix 1, and references therein, and can be obtained from the authors on request.

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Acknowledgements

Major funding for this research was provided by the Australian Research Council (DP110101168) (J.F., A.H.B.), a Queensland Government Smart Futures Fellowship (J.F.), the Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (A.H.B., S.R.C.), Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles ARC grant 10/15-028 (C.J.T.), the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS) (J.L.), and Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium (E.H., E.D., J.L.). High-performance computing resources were provided by the Université catholique de Louvain (CISM/UCL) and the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (CÉCI) funded by the FRS-FNRS under grant number 2.5020.11 and by the Walloon Region.

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Author notes

  1. Christopher J. Thomas

    Present address: Risk Management Solutions, London, UK

  2. These authors contributed equally: Joana Figueiredo, Christopher J. Thomas.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA

    Joana Figueiredo

  2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Joana Figueiredo & Andrew H. Baird

  3. Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (IMMC), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Christopher J. Thomas, Eric Deleersnijder, Jonathan Lambrechts & Emmanuel Hanert

  4. Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Eric Deleersnijder & Emmanuel Hanert

  5. Naos Marine Laboratories, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Ancón, Panamá, Republic of Panama

    Sean R. Connolly

  6. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Sean R. Connolly

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Contributions

J.F., C.J.T., S.R.C. and A.H.B. conceptualized the study. J.F. collected the data. J.F. and C.J.T. wrote the original manuscript. S.R.C., A.H.B., E.H. and E.D. edited the article. C.J.T., E.H., E.D. and J.L. developed the model. All authors participated in funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joana Figueiredo.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Nature Climate Change thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Figueiredo, J., Thomas, C.J., Deleersnijder, E. et al. Global warming decreases connectivity among coral populations. Nat. Clim. Chang. 12, 83–87 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01248-7

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