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The Paris Agreement zero-emissions goal is not always consistent with the 1.5 °C and 2 °C temperature targets

Nature Climate Change volume 8, pages 319–324 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

The Paris Agreement stipulates that global warming be stabilized at well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, with aims to further constrain this warming to 1.5 °C. However, it also calls for reducing net anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to zero during the second half of this century. Here, we use a reduced-form integrated assessment model to examine the consistency between temperature- and emission-based targets. We find that net zero GHG emissions are not necessarily required to remain below 1.5 °C or 2 °C, assuming either target can be achieved without overshoot. With overshoot, however, the emissions goal is consistent with the temperature targets, and substantial negative emissions are associated with reducing warming after it peaks. Temperature targets are put at risk by late achievement of emissions goals and the use of some GHG emission metrics. Refinement of Paris Agreement emissions goals should include a focus on net zero CO2—not GHG—emissions, achieved early in the second half of the century.

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Fig. 1: Global emissions and warming for the ten representative cases.
Fig. 2: Gas-specific abatement and selected Earth system outcomes for the ten representative cases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank D. Johansson for providing data associated with the maximum abatement cost curves used in this study. The authors are grateful for comments from B. Sanderson, X. Su, C. Tebaldi and T. Wigley, which were useful to improve this study. This research was partially supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-1702) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan

    Katsumasa Tanaka

  2. Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA

    Brian C. O’Neill

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  1. Katsumasa Tanaka
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  2. Brian C. O’Neill
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Contributions

B.C.O. conceived of the research. K.T. led the study. K.T. and B.C.O designed the experiment. K.T. performed the model simulations and generated all the figures and tables. K.T. and B.C.O. analysed the results. K.T. and B.C.O. drafted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Katsumasa Tanaka.

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Supplementary Information

Supplementary Tables 1–2, Supplementary Figures 1–17 and Supplementary References

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Tanaka, K., O’Neill, B.C. The Paris Agreement zero-emissions goal is not always consistent with the 1.5 °C and 2 °C temperature targets. Nature Clim Change 8, 319–324 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0097-x

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