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Mechanobiological conditioning of mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced vascular regeneration

Nature Biomedical Engineering volume 5, pages 89–102 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Using endogenous mesenchymal stem cells for treating myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular conditions typically results in poor efficacy, in part owing to the heterogeneity of the harvested cells and of the patient responses. Here, by means of high-throughput screening of the combinatorial space of mechanical-strain level and of the presence of particular kinase inhibitors, we show that human mesenchymal stem cells can be mechanically and pharmacologically conditioned to enhance vascular regeneration in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells conditioned to increase the activation of signalling pathways mediated by Smad2/3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3) and YAP (Yes-associated protein) expressed markers that are associated with pericytes and endothelial cells, displayed increased angiogenic activity in vitro, and enhanced the formation of vasculature in mice after subcutaneous implantation and after implantation in ischaemic hindlimbs. These effects were mediated by the crosstalk of endothelial-growth-factor receptors, transforming-growth-factor-beta receptor type 1 and vascular-endothelial-growth-factor receptor 2. Mechanical and pharmacological conditioning can significantly enhance the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells.

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Fig. 1: Specific types of mechanical stretch activate Smad2/3 and YAP/TAZ pathways in MSCs.
Fig. 2: High-throughput mechanobiological screen for small-molecule inhibitors that synergistically activate YAP/TAZ and Smad2/3 with mechanical loading.
Fig. 3: Biomechanical stimulation of MSCs with the brachial waveform and specific small-molecule inhibitors leads to increased expression of EC and pericyte markers and enhanced pericyte-like activity.
Fig. 4: Gene expression analysis using RNA-seq demonstrates that mechanical conditioning with brachial waveform loading enhances pericyte and EC gene expression.
Fig. 5: Optimized mechanical and pharmacological conditioning of MSCs increases their ability to induce angiogenesis and arteriogenesis after subcutaneous implantation or in a hindlimb ischaemia model.
Fig. 6: Analysis of cell signalling pathways activated during treatment of MSCs with brachial waveform loading with an E/E inhibitor.
Fig. 7: Summary of mechanism for mechanical conditioning of MSCs.

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Data availability

The main data supporting the results in this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information. The source dataset for the RNA-seq analyses can be found in the NIH GEO Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/693356).

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge funding through the American Heart Association (grant no. 17IRG33410888), the DOD CDMRP (grant nos W81XWH-16-1-0580 and W81XWH-16-1-0582) and the National Institutes of Health (grant nos 1R21EB023551-01, 1R21EB024147-01A1 and 1R01HL141761-01) to A.B.B.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Jason Lee, Kayla Henderson, Miles W. Massidda, Miguel Armenta-Ochoa, Byung Gee Im, Austin Veith, Pablo Maceda, Eun Yoon, Lara Samarneh, Mitchell Wong, Andrew K. Dunn & Aaron B. Baker

  2. Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Bum-Kyu Lee, Mijeong Kim, Jonghwan Kim & Aaron B. Baker

  3. The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Aaron B. Baker

  4. Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Aaron B. Baker

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Contributions

J.L. and A.B.B. initiated the project and oversaw all aspects of the project. J.L., K.H., M.W.M., M.A.-O., B.G.I., A.V., P.M., E.Y., L.S., M.W. and A.B.B. performed experiments, processed and analysed data. B.-K.L., M.K. and J.K. performed GSEA analyses on the RNA-seq data. A.K.D. provided instrumentation and expertise in laser speckle imaging and data processing. J.L. and A.B.B. wrote and edited the manuscript. All of the authors reviewed and approved the manuscript before publication.

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Correspondence to Aaron B. Baker.

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J.L. and A.B.B. have filed a patent (USPTO (US20200268801A1)) on the technology/techniques described in this paper.

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Lee, J., Henderson, K., Massidda, M.W. et al. Mechanobiological conditioning of mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced vascular regeneration. Nat Biomed Eng 5, 89–102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-00674-w

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