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  • Review Article
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Optoacoustic mesoscopy for biomedicine

Abstract

Fuelled by innovation, optical microscopy plays a critical role in the life sciences and medicine, from basic discovery to clinical diagnostics. However, optical microscopy is limited by typical penetration depths of a few hundred micrometres for in vivo interrogations in the visible spectrum. Optoacoustic microscopy complements optical microscopy by imaging the absorption of light, but it is similarly limited by penetration depth. In this Review, we summarize progress in the development and applicability of optoacoustic mesoscopy (OPAM); that is, optoacoustic imaging with acoustic resolution and wide-bandwidth ultrasound detection. OPAM extends the capabilities of optical imaging beyond the depths accessible to optical and optoacoustic microscopy, and thus enables new applications. We explain the operational principles of OPAM, its placement as a bridge between optoacoustic microscopy and optoacoustic macroscopy, and its performance in the label-free visualization of tissue pathophysiology, such as inflammation, oxygenation, vascularization and angiogenesis. We also review emerging applications of OPAM in clinical and biological imaging.

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Fig. 1: Scanning implementations and operational regimes of OPAM.
Fig. 2: Effects of detector bandwidth, aperture and angle of acceptance, on the performance of optoacoustic imaging.

Dominik Soliman; panel c reproduced from ref. 32, Springer Nature Ltd.

Fig. 3: Skin imaging using OPAM.
Fig. 4: Optoacoustic endoscopy.

Andreas Buehler; panel f reproduced from ref. 159, The Optical Society; and panels g,h reproduced from ref. 157, Springer Nature Ltd.

Fig. 5: Translational imaging with OPAM.
Fig. 6: OPAM in development applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Chapin Rodriguez for proofreading the manuscript and for his valuable suggestions, and Luis Den Bean for his useful comments and suggestions. V.N. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany (Leibniz Prize 2013; NT 3/10-1), from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687866 (INNODERM), and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 732720 (ESOTRAC). The content of this manuscript reflects only the authors’ view, and the European commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information provided.

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Correspondence to Vasilis Ntziachristos.

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V.N. is a shareholder in iThera Medical GmbH, a company that commercializes optoacoustic mesoscopy. The company did not provide support for this work.

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Omar, M., Aguirre, J. & Ntziachristos, V. Optoacoustic mesoscopy for biomedicine. Nat Biomed Eng 3, 354–370 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0377-4

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