Ultraviolet-detected Fermi bubble clouds have metallicities that are consistent with the clouds having two origins: the Milky Way disk and halo. This result adds complexity to the previously accepted picture that these clouds could only be launched from the disk of the Milky Way into the bubbles.
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References
Ashley, T. et al. Mapping outflowing gas in the Fermi bubbles: A UV absorption survey of the Galactic nuclear outflow. Astrophys. J. 898, 128 (2020). This paper reports the results of a FB HVC survey, some of which were included in the sample used for our study.
Bordoloi, R. et al. Mapping the nuclear outflow of the Milky Way: studying the kinematics and spatial extent of the northern Fermi bubble. Astrophys. J. 834, 191–211 (2017). An article that presents the results of a UV-detected FB HVC survey and reviews the results obtained by other studies, some of which were included in the sample used for our study.
Putman, M. E. et al. Gaseous galaxy halos. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 50, 491–529 (2012). A review article that discusses galactic gaseous haloes, including the Milky Way.
Savage, B. D. et al. Probing the outflowing multiphase gas ∼1 kpc below the Galactic center. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 232, 25–57 (2017). This paper identifies UV-detected FB HVCs, some of which were included in the sample group used for our study.
Ackermann, M. et al. The spectrum and morphology of the Fermi bubbles. Astrophys. J. 793, 64 (2014). This paper presents Fermi gamma-ray maps of the Fermi bubbles.
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This is a summary of: Ashley, T. et al. Diverse metallicities of Fermi bubble clouds indicate dual origins in the disk and halo. Nat. Astron. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01720-0 (2022).
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Fermi bubble clouds originate in both the disk and halo of the Milky Way. Nat Astron 6, 895–896 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01750-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01750-8
