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  • Perspective
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AGN outflows and feedback twenty years on

Nature Astronomy volume 2, pages 198–205 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

It is twenty years since the seminal works by Magorrian and co-authors and by Silk and Rees, which, along with other related work, ignited an explosion of publications connecting active galactic nucleus (AGN)-driven outflows to galaxy evolution. With a surge in observations of AGN outflows, studies are attempting to test AGN feedback models directly using the outflow properties. With a focus on outflows traced by optical and CO emission lines, we discuss significant challenges that greatly complicate this task, from both an observational and theoretical perspective. We highlight the observational uncertainties involved and the assumptions required when deriving kinetic coupling efficiencies (that is, outflow kinetic power as a fraction of AGN luminosity) from typical observations. Based on recent models we demonstrate that extreme caution should be taken when comparing observationally derived kinetic coupling efficiencies to coupling efficiencies from fiducial feedback models.

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Fig. 1: Abstracts with word combinations of ‘AGN’, ‘quasar’, ‘outflows’ and ‘feedback’ as a function of time.
Fig. 2: Kinetic coupling efficiencies for observed outflows, compared with theoretical values.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participants of ‘The reality and myths of AGN feedback’ meeting for inspiring this Perspective and providing constructive comments and the Lorentz Center staff for its organization. We thank A. Richings for useful discussions and W. Kerzendorf for verifying that the trends in Fig. 1 are reproducible using the full text in all articles on arXiv and the algorithm in ref. 89. We acknowledge support from DFG ‘Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany

    C. M. Harrison & G. Vietri

  2. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

    T. Costa

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    C. N. Tadhunter

  4. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    A. Flütsch

  5. Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    A. Flütsch

  6. European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

    D. Kakkad

  7. INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy

    M. Perna

  8. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monteporzio Catone, Italy

    G. Vietri

  9. Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany

    G. Vietri

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C.M.H., T.C. and C.N.T. contributed to the writing. C.M.H., A.F., D.K., M.P. and G.V. obtained the information in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

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Harrison, C.M., Costa, T., Tadhunter, C.N. et al. AGN outflows and feedback twenty years on. Nat Astron 2, 198–205 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0403-6

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