Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Infection rates following urologic prosthetic revision without replacement of any device components compared to partial or complete device exchange: a single-center retrospective cohort study

International Journal of Impotence Research volume 35, pages 725–730 (2023)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Urologic implant revision carries a higher infection risk than virgin implantation. Historically, exchanging device components at the time of revision was performed to reduce infection risk. We hypothesize that revision without replacement of any parts of the device may not be associated with increased infection risk. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed on patients undergoing urologic implant revision from 2000 to 2021. Revisions involving exchange of any/all device components (+CE) were compared to revisions without exchange of any components (−CE). The primary outcome was infection or erosion within 12 weeks of revision. Infection rates were compared using Fischer exact test. Infection-free survival (IFS) was compared with Kaplan-Meier (KM) log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model. 551 revisions were included, including 497 revisions with CE and 54 without CE. Among those with at least 12 weeks follow-up, no difference was seen in infection rates within 12 weeks of revision [−CE 3/39 (7.7%) vs. +CE 10/383 (2.6%)], p = 0.109). In addition, IFS was comparable between groups (log-rank test p = 0.22, HR for −CE 1.65 (0.65–4.21). Revision surgery for IPP or AUS without CE may not present an elevated risk of infection in the properly selected patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence of infection between revision with and without CE.
Fig. 2: 5-year Kaplan-Meier curve of revision and explant free survival (REFS) between revision with and without CE.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Raw data for this project is contained in an IRB approved database at Duke University Medical Center. This data can be made available upon request to Scott Campbell, MD at scott.p.campbell@duke.edu.

References

  1. Darouiche RO. Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1422–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Baas W, O’Connor B, Welliver C, Stahl PJ, Stember DS, Wilson SK, et al. Worldwide trends in penile implantation surgery: data from over 63,000 implants. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9:31–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Lee R, Te AE, Kaplan SA, Sandhu JS. Temporal trends in adoption of and indications for the artificial urinary sphincter. J Urol. 2009;181:2622–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Matsushita K, Chughtai BI, Maschino AC, Lee RK, Sandhu JS. International variation in artificial urinary sphincter use. Urology. 2012;80:667–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Trost LW, McCaslin R, Linder B, Hellstrom WJ. Long-term outcomes of penile prostheses for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Rev Med Dev. 2013;10:353–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lledo-Garcia E, Jara-Rascon J, Moncada Iribarren I, Pinero-Sanchez J, Aragon-Chamizo J, Hernandez-Fernandez C. Penile Prosthesis First and Replacement Surgeries: Analysis of Patient and Partner Satisfaction. J Sex Med. 2015;12:1646–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kucuk EV, Tahra A, Bindayi A, Onol FF. Erectile dysfunction patients are more satisfied with penile prosthesis implantation compared with tadalafil and intracavernosal injection treatments. Andrology. 2016;4:952–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zargaroff S, Sharma V, Berhanu D, Pearl JA, Meeks JJ, Dupree JM, et al. National trends in the treatment of penile prosthesis infections by explantation alone vs. immediate salvage and reimplantation. J Sex Med. 2014;11:1078–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ghanem H, Ghazy S, El-Meliegy A. Corporeal counter incisions: a simplified approach to penile prosthesis implantation in fibrotic cases. Int J Impot Res. 2000;12:153–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wilson SK, Simhan J, Gross MS. Cylinder insertion into scarred corporal bodies: prosthetic urology’s most difficult challenge: some suggestions for making the surgery easier. Int J Impot Res. 2020;32:483–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM, Otterson MF, Webb AL, Carrick MM, et al. Chlorhexidine-Alcohol versus Povidone-Iodine for Surgical-Site Antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:18–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee I, Agarwal RK, Lee BY, Fishman NO, Umscheid CA. Systematic review and cost analysis comparing use of chlorhexidine with use of iodine for preoperative skin antisepsis to prevent surgical site infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31:1219–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Eid JF, Wilson SK, Cleves M, Salem EA. Coated implants and “no touch” surgical technique decreases risk of infection in inflatable penile prosthesis implantation to 0.46%. Urology. 2012;79:1310–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Eid JF. Penile Implant: Review of a “No-Touch” Technique. Sex Med Rev. 2016;4:294–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dhabuwala C. In vitro assessment of antimicrobial properties of rifampin-coated Titan(®) Coloplast penile implants and comparison with Inhibizone(®). J Sex Med. 2010;7:3516–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dhabuwala C, Sheth S, Zamzow B. Infection rates of rifampin/gentamicin-coated Titan Coloplast penile implants. Comparison with Inhibizone-impregnated AMS penile implants. J Sex Med. 2011;8:315–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Manka MG, Yang D, Andrews J, Chalmers B, Hebert K, Köhler TS, et al. Intraoperative Use of Betadine Irrigation is Associated With a 9-Fold Increased Likelihood of Penile Prosthesis Infection: Results From a Retrospective Case-Control Study. Sex Med. 2020;8:422–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Henry GD, Wilson SK, Delk JR 2nd, Carson CC, Wiygul J, Tornehl C, et al. Revision washout decreases penile prosthesis infection in revision surgery: a multicenter study. J Urol. 2005;173:89–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Carson CC, Mulcahy JJ, Harsch MR. Long-term infection outcomes after original antibiotic impregnated inflatable penile prosthesis implants: up to 7.7 years of followup. J Urol. 2011;185:614–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jani K, Smith C, Delk JR, Carson CC, Donatucci CF, Cleves MA, et al. Infection Retardant Coatings Impact on Bacterial Presence in Penile Prosthesis Surgery: a multicenter study. Urology. 2018;119:104–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wilson SK, Zumbe J, Henry GD, Salem EA, Delk JR, Cleves MA. Infection reduction using antibiotic-coated inflatable penile prosthesis. Urology. 2007;70:337–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mulcahy JJ, Carson CC 3rd. Long-term infection rates in diabetic patients implanted with antibiotic-impregnated versus nonimpregnated inflatable penile prostheses: 7-year outcomes. Eur Urol. 2011;60:167–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gon LM, de Campos CCC, Voris BRI, Passeri LA, Fregonesi A, Riccetto CLZ. A systematic review of penile prosthesis infection and meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus role. BMC Urol. 2021;21:35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Montgomery BD, Lomas DJ, Ziegelmann MJ, Trost LW. Infection risk of undergoing multiple penile prostheses: an analysis of referred patient surgical histories. Int J Impot Res. 2018;30:147–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Litwiller SE, Kim KB, Fone PD, White RW, Stone AR. Post-prostatectomy incontinence and the artificial urinary sphincter: a long-term study of patient satisfaction and criteria for success. J Urol. 1996;156:1975–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Van der Aa F, Drake MJ, Kasyan GR, Petrolekas A, Cornu JN. The artificial urinary sphincter after a quarter of a century: a critical systematic review of its use in male non-neurogenic incontinence. Eur Urol. 2013;63:681–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lai HH, Hsu EI, Teh BS, Butler EB, Boone TB. 13 years of experience with artificial urinary sphincter implantation at Baylor College of Medicine. J Urol. 2007;177:1021–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ramsay AK, Granitsiotis P, Conn IG. The use of the artificial urinary sphincter in the West of Scotland: a single centre 10-year experience. Scott Med J. 2007;52:14–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Singh G, Thomas DG. Artificial urinary sphincter for post-prostatectomy incontinence. Br J Urol. 1996;77:248–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Trigo Rocha F, Gomes CM, Mitre AI, Arap S, Srougi M. A prospective study evaluating the efficacy of the artificial sphincter AMS 800 for the treatment of postradical prostatectomy urinary incontinence and the correlation between preoperative urodynamic and surgical outcomes. Urology. 2008;71:85–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Walsh IK, Williams SG, Mahendra V, Nambirajan T, Stone AR. Artificial urinary sphincter implantation in the irradiated patient: safety, efficacy and satisfaction. BJU Int. 2002;89:364–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gousse AE, Madjar S, Lambert MM, Fishman IJ. Artificial urinary sphincter for post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence: long-term subjective results. J Urol. 2001;166:1755–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Carvajal A, Benavides J, García-Perdomo HA, Henry GD. Risk factors associated with penile prosthesis infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Impot Res. 2020;32:587–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lotan Y, Roehrborn CG, McConnell JD, Hendin BN. Factors influencing the outcomes of penile prosthesis surgery at a teaching institution. Urology. 2003;62:918–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Henry GD, Wilson SK, Delk JR 2nd, Carson CC, Silverstein A, Cleves MA, et al. Penile prosthesis cultures during revision surgery: a multicenter study. J Urol. 2004;172:153–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Henry GD, Carson CC, Wilson SK, Wiygul J, Tornehl C, Cleves MA, et al. Revision washout decreases implant capsule tissue culture positivity: a multicenter study. J Urol. 2008;179:186–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Palmisano F, Boeri L, Ievoli R, Sánchez-Curbelo J, Spinelli MG, Gregori A et al. Ten-year experience with penile prosthetic surgery for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: outcomes of a tertiary referral center and predictors of early prosthetic infection. Asian J Androl. 2022;24:32–9.

  38. Austin PC. A tutorial on multilevel survival analysis: methods, models and applications. Int Stat Rev. 2017;85:185–203.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Austin PC. The performance of different propensity score methods for estimating marginal hazard ratios. Stat Med. 2013;32:2837–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Nosé BD, Grimberg DCD, Lentz AC. Update on Intraoperative Cultures, Biofilms, and Modifiable Factors During Revision of Clinically Non-Infected Penile Implants. Sex Med Rev. 2021;9:160–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Henry GD, Donatucci CF, Conners W, Greenfield JM, Carson CC, Wilson SK, et al. An outcomes analysis of over 200 revision surgeries for penile prosthesis implantation: a multicenter study. J Sex Med. 2012;9:309–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Scott P. Campbell, Chris J. Kim, Armand Allkanjari, Leonid I. Aksenov, Zachary R. Dionise & Aaron C. Lentz

  2. Division of Urology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA

    Brian M. Inouye

Authors
  1. Scott P. Campbell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chris J. Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Armand Allkanjari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Leonid I. Aksenov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zachary R. Dionise
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Brian M. Inouye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Aaron C. Lentz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

ACL designed the study and edited the paper. SPC created the database, collected data, performed data analysis, and assisted with paper writing and editing. CJK collected data and assisted with paper writing and editing. AA collected data and assisted with paper writing and editing. BMI, LAI, ZRD assisted with paper editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aaron C. Lentz.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

ACL is a consultant and speaker for Boston Scientific and Coloplast.

Ethics approval

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Campbell, S.P., Kim, C.J., Allkanjari, A. et al. Infection rates following urologic prosthetic revision without replacement of any device components compared to partial or complete device exchange: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Int J Impot Res 35, 725–730 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-022-00616-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-022-00616-x

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links