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Development of a risk prediction model for incident hypertension in Japanese individuals: the Hisayama Study

Hypertension Research volume 44, pages 1221–1229 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

The identification of individuals at high risk of developing hypertension can be of great value to improve the efficiency of primary prevention strategies for hypertension. The objective of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for incident hypertension based on prospective longitudinal data from a general Japanese population. A total of 982 subjects aged 40–59 years without hypertension at baseline were followed up for 10 years (2002–12) for the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive agents. The risk prediction model was developed using a Cox proportional hazards model. A simple risk scoring system was also established based on the developed model. During the follow-up period (median 10 years, interquartile range 5–10 years), 302 subjects (120 men and 182 women) developed new-onset hypertension. The risk prediction model for hypertension consisted of age, sex, SBP, DBP, use of glucose-lowering agents, body mass index (BMI), parental history of hypertension, moderate-to-high alcohol intake, and the interaction between age and BMI. The developed model demonstrated good discrimination (Harrell’s C statistic=0.812 [95% confidence interval, 0.791–0.834]; optimism-corrected C statistic based on 200 bootstrap samples=0.804) and calibration (Greenwood-Nam-D’Agostino χ2 statistic=12.2). This risk prediction model is a useful guide for estimating an individual’s absolute risk for hypertension and could facilitate the management of Japanese individuals at high risk of developing hypertension in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the residents of the town of Hisayama for their participation in the survey and the staff of the Division of Health of Hisayama for their cooperation with this study. The statistical analyses were carried out using the computer resources offered under the category of General Projects by the Research Institute for Information Technology, Kyushu University.

Funding

This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research A (JP16H02692), B (JP17H04126, JP18H02737, and JP19H03863), and C (JP18K07565, JP18K09412, JP19K07890, JP20K10503, and JP20K11020), and by Grants-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (JP18K17925) and Research Activity Start-up (JP19K23971) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; by the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (20FA1002); and by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP20dk0207025, JP20km0405202, and JP20fk0108075).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Emi Oishi, Jun Hata, Takanori Honda, Satoko Sakata, Sanmei Chen, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Daigo Yoshida, Mao Shibata, Tomoyuki Ohara, Yoshihiko Furuta & Toshiharu Ninomiya

  2. Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Emi Oishi, Jun Hata, Satoko Sakata, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Yoshihiko Furuta & Takanari Kitazono

  3. Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Jun Hata, Satoko Sakata, Mao Shibata, Takanari Kitazono & Toshiharu Ninomiya

  4. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Tomoyuki Ohara

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Oishi, E., Hata, J., Honda, T. et al. Development of a risk prediction model for incident hypertension in Japanese individuals: the Hisayama Study. Hypertens Res 44, 1221–1229 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-021-00673-7

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