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Increased arterial velocity pulse index is an independent factor related to skeletal muscle mass reduction and tissue damage in patients with cardiovascular disease

Hypertension Research volume 43, pages 534–542 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Reduced skeletal muscle mass is the most important component of sarcopenia. Aging and chronic diseases, including chronic heart failure, are the causes of reduced skeletal muscle mass. However, little is known about the mechanism of skeletal muscle mass reduction in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to assess the associations among skeletal muscle mass reduction, endothelial function, and other markers of advanced vascular damage in CVD patients. This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis that included 310 inpatients with CVD in our hospital. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was performed to assess early vascular damage, i.e., endothelial dysfunction. The arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure volume index (API) were assessed to reveal signs of advanced vascular damage, such as arterial stiffening and increased peripheral resistance. The bioelectrical phase angle (PA), as a marker of tissue damage, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) were measured. Correlation analyses were performed among these parameters. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 25.5% of patients according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Greater progression of arterial stiffness, shown by a higher AVI, and more severe tissue damage, shown by a narrower PA, were found in individuals with sarcopenia. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that sex, age, PA, hypertension, and AVI were factors independently correlated with SMI. In conclusion, advanced vascular damage, such as increased arterial stiffness and peripheral resistance, might play an important role in the reduction in skeletal muscle mass, possibly through damage to skeletal muscle tissue in CVD patients.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Misako Ando for the assessment of nutritional status and the measurement of the bioelectrical impedance assay and Yuya Tsukada and Michiya Kishimoto for obtaining physical performance data to diagnose sarcopenia.

Funding

Novartis Pharmaceuticals Japan and Daiichi-Sankyo Company Limited provided research grants (HH), but they had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI grant #16K09468 (HK).

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  1. Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan

    Haruhito Harada, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, Hiroshi Niiyama, Atsushi Katoh & Hisashi Kai

  2. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Omuta, Japan

    Hisao Ikeda

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Harada, H., Ikeda, H., Nishiyama, Y. et al. Increased arterial velocity pulse index is an independent factor related to skeletal muscle mass reduction and tissue damage in patients with cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 43, 534–542 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-0404-6

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