A chromosome-scale reference genome of Lobularia maritima, an ornamental plant with high stress tolerance

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. is an ornamental plant cultivated across the world. It belongs to the family Brassicaceae and can tolerate dry, poor and contaminated habitats. Here, we present a chromosome-scale, high-quality genome assembly of L. maritima based on integrated approaches combining Illumina short reads and Hi–C chromosome conformation data. The genome was assembled into 12 pseudochromosomes with a 197.70 Mb length, and it includes 25,813 protein-coding genes. Approximately 41.94% of the genome consists of repetitive sequences, with abundant long terminal repeat transposable elements. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that L. maritima underwent a species-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) event ~22.99 million years ago. We identified ~1900 species-specific genes, 25 expanded gene families, and 50 positively selected genes in L. maritima. Functional annotations of these genes indicated that they are mainly related to stress tolerance. These results provide new insights into the stress tolerance of L. maritima, and this genomic resource will be valuable for further genetic improvement of this important ornamental plant.

Lma00535.t1 SINL7_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitinmediated degradation of different substrates.
Lma06240.t1 SINL7_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitinmediated degradation of different substrates.
Lma19508.t1 SINL7_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitinmediated degradation of different substrates.
Lma19569.t1 SINL7_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitinmediated degradation of different substrates.
Lma24260.t1 SINL7_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitinmediated degradation of different substrates.
Lma24392.t1 SINL9_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitinmediated degradation of different substrates.
Lma10414.t1 PMTT_ARATH May be involved in the synthesis of homogalacturonan. Required for normal cell adhesion and plant development.
Lma10861.t1 PMTT_ARATH May be involved in the synthesis of homogalacturonan. Required for normal cell adhesion and plant development.
Lma12584.t1 PMTT_ARATH May be involved in the synthesis of homogalacturonan. Required for normal cell adhesion and plant development.
Lma25957.t1 PMTT_ARATH May be involved in the synthesis of homogalacturonan. Required for normal cell adhesion and plant development.
Lma03871.t1 EA6_ARATH Probable beta-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the degradation of callose walls around the microspore tetrad during pollen development (Probable). May be required for pollen exine formation Lma06492.t1 EA6_ARATH Probable beta-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the degradation of callose walls around the microspore tetrad during pollen development (Probable). May be required for pollen exine formation Lma09994.t1 EA6_ARATH Probable beta-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the degradation of callose walls around the microspore tetrad during pollen development (Probable). May be required for pollen exine formation Lma12299.t1 EA6_ARATH Probable beta-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the degradation of callose walls around the microspore tetrad during pollen development (Probable). May be required for pollen exine formation Lma25457.t1 EA6_ARATH Probable beta-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the degradation of callose walls around the microspore tetrad during pollen development (Probable). May be required for pollen exine formation Lma10690.t1 XCP2_ARATH Cysteine protease involved in xylem tracheary element (TE) autolysis during xylogenesis in roots. Participates in micro autolysis within the intact central vacuole before mega autolysis is initiated by tonoplast implosionInvolved in susceptibility to the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Lma14957.t1 XCP2_ARATH Cysteine protease involved in xylem tracheary element (TE) autolysis during xylogenesis in roots. Participates in micro autolysis within the intact central vacuole before mega autolysis is initiated by tonoplast implosionInvolved in susceptibility to the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Lma14986.t1 XCP2_ARATH Cysteine protease involved in xylem tracheary element (TE) autolysis during xylogenesis in roots. Participates in micro autolysis within the intact central vacuole before mega autolysis is initiated by tonoplast implosionInvolved in susceptibility to the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Lma18192.t1 TF2B2_ARATH General factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

Lma20293.t1 TF2B_SOYBN
General factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
Lma20294.t1 TF2B1_ARATH General factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (By similarity). Interacts with TBP2 and is required for activated transcription and possibly basal transcriptionPlays important roles in pollen tube growth, guidance, and reception as well as endosperm development. Is partially functionally different from TFIIB2 and PBRP2 Lma20295.t1 TF2B1_ARATH General factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (By similarity). Interacts with TBP2 and is required for activated transcription and possibly basal transcriptionPlays important roles in pollen tube growth, guidance, and reception as well as endosperm development. Is partially functionally different from TFIIB2 and PBRP2 Lma20296.t1 TF2B1_ARATH General factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (By similarity). Interacts with TBP2 and is required for activated transcription and possibly basal transcriptionPlays important roles in pollen tube growth, guidance, and reception as well as endosperm development. Is partially functionally different from TFIIB2 and PBRP2 Lma00469.t1 RPS6R_ARATH Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the hopA1 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.
Lma17365.t1 RPS6C_ARATH Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the hopA1 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.
Lma21707.t1 VICTR_ARATH Disease resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR-type. Part of the RPS6 locus that contains a cluster of several paralogous disease resistance (R) genes. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity). Required for [5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-piperidine-1-ylmethanethione-(DFPM-) induced root growth arrest due to reduced number of meristem cells in the division zone of the primary root and inhibition of abscisic acid-(ABA-) induced stomatal closing.
Lma21709.t1 VICTR_ARATH Disease resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR-type. Part of the RPS6 locus that contains a cluster of several paralogous disease resistance (R) genes. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity). Required for [5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-piperidine-1-ylmethanethione-(DFPM-) induced root growth arrest due to reduced number of meristem cells in the division zone of the primary root and inhibition of abscisic acid-(ABA-) induced stomatal closing.
Lma21710.t1 VICTR_ARATH Disease resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR-type. Part of the RPS6 locus that contains a cluster of several paralogous disease resistance (R) genes. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity). Required for [5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-piperidine-1-ylmethanethione-(DFPM-) induced root growth arrest due to reduced number of meristem cells in the division zone of the primary root and inhibition of abscisic acid-(ABA-) induced stomatal closing.
Lma00536.t1 UBC11_ARATH Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins.
Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins.
Lma06241.t1 UBC11_ARATH Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins.
Lma06273.t1 UBC11_ARATH Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins.
Lma24259.t1 UBC11_ARATH Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins.
Lma24393.t1 UBC11_ARATH Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins.
Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. Lma05158.t1 ASY2_ARATH Required for normal meiosis. Lma05162.t1 ASY2_ARATH Required for normal meiosis.
Lma08617.t1 CYT4_ARATH Specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Probably involved in the regulation of endogenous processes and in defense against pests and pathogens (By similarity).
Lma08618.t1 CYT4_ARATH Specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Probably involved in the regulation of endogenous processes and in defense against pests and pathogens (By similarity).

Lma08619.t1 CYT4_ARATH
Specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Probably involved in the regulation of endogenous processes and in defense against pests and pathogens (By similarity).
Lma24225.t1 CYT4_ARATH Specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Probably involved in the regulation of endogenous processes and in defense against pests and pathogens (By similarity).
Lma03430.t1 3AT1_ARATH Involved in the acylation of the 6'' position of the 3-O-glucose residue of anthocyanin. Also able to use flavonol 3-glucosides as the acyl acceptor.
Lma05002.t1 3AT1_ARATH Involved in the acylation of the 6'' position of the 3-O-glucose residue of anthocyanin. Also able to use flavonol 3-glucosides as the acyl acceptor.
Lma06935.t1 3AT1_ARATH Involved in the acylation of the 6'' position of the 3-O-glucose residue of anthocyanin. Also able to use flavonol 3-glucosides as the acyl acceptor.
Lma26149.t1 3AT1_ARATH Involved in the acylation of the 6'' position of the 3-O-glucose residue of anthocyanin. Also able to use flavonol 3-glucosides as the acyl acceptor.
Lma00172.t1 MIA40_ARATH Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (Probable). Involved in the mitochondrial oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1, the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase CCS, and subunits of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). Involved in the peroxisomal oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD3, and the fatty acid betaoxidation multifunctional protein AIM1 Lma00191.t1 MIA40_ARATH Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (Probable). Involved in the mitochondrial oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1, the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase CCS, and subunits of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). Involved in the peroxisomal oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD3, and the fatty acid betaoxidation multifunctional protein AIM1 Lma14406.t1 MIA40_ARATH Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (Probable). Involved in the mitochondrial oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1, the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase CCS, and subunits of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). Involved in the peroxisomal oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD3, and the fatty acid betaoxidation multifunctional protein AIM1 Lma19027.t1 MIA40_ARATH Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (Probable). Involved in the mitochondrial oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1, the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase CCS, and subunits of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). Involved in the peroxisomal oxidative folding of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase CSD3, and the fatty acid betaoxidation multifunctional protein AIM1 Lma22957.t1 RPP1_ARATH TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein that confers resistance to the pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis.
Lma00736.t1 CDPKD_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Lma15146.t1 CDPKD_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Lma24053.t1 CDPKD_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger.
Lma00575.t2 SWET8_ARATH Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. Required, in pollen, for microspore cell integrity and primexine pattern formation (, ).
Lma14978.t2 SWET8_ARATH Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. Required, in pollen, for microspore cell integrity and primexine pattern formation (, ).
Lma15042.t2 SWET8_ARATH Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. Required, in pollen, for microspore cell integrity and primexine pattern formation (, ).

Lma07325.t1 LBD6_MAIZE
Promotes the switch from proliferation to differentiation in the embryo sac. Negative regulator of cell proliferation in the adaxial side of leaves. Regulates the formation of a symmetric lamina and the establishment of venation. Interacts directly with RS2 (rough sheath 2) to repress some knox homeobox genes.
Lma11770.t5 FIS1B_ARATH Component of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial division machineries. Plays a role in promoting the fission of mitochondria and peroxisomes. In association with PEX11C, PEX11D, PEX11E and DRP3A, is involved in cell cycle-associated constitutive self-replication of preexisting peroxisomes.
Lma17635.t1 FIS1B_ARATH Component of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial division machineries. Plays a role in promoting the fission of mitochondria and peroxisomes. In association with PEX11C, PEX11D, PEX11E and DRP3A, is involved in cell cycle-associated constitutive self-replication of preexisting peroxisomes.

Lma25970.t5 FIS1B_ARATH
Component of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial division machineries. Plays a role in promoting the fission of mitochondria and peroxisomes. In association with PEX11C, PEX11D, PEX11E and DRP3A, is involved in cell cycle-associated constitutive self-replication of preexisting peroxisomes.
Lma04858.t1 TBCC_ARATH Essential tubulin-folding protein involved in the final step of the tubulin folding pathway. Required for continuous microtubule cytoskeleton organization, mitotic division, cytokinesis, and to couple cell cycle progression to cell division in embryos and endosperms. Not essential for cell viability. Binds probably to the multimeric supercomplex, stimulating GTP hydrolysis by the bound beta-tubulin and the release of the alpha-/beta-tubulin heterodimer.
Lma05962.t1 TBCC_ARATH Essential tubulin-folding protein involved in the final step of the tubulin folding pathway. Required for continuous microtubule cytoskeleton organization, mitotic division, cytokinesis, and to couple cell cycle progression to cell division in embryos and endosperms. Not essential for cell viability. Binds probably to the multimeric supercomplex, stimulating GTP hydrolysis by the bound beta-tubulin and the release of the alpha-/beta-tubulin heterodimer.
Lma12386.t1 TBCC_ARATH Essential tubulin-folding protein involved in the final step of the tubulin folding pathway. Required for continuous microtubule cytoskeleton organization, mitotic division, cytokinesis, and to couple cell cycle progression to cell division in embryos and endosperms. Not essential for cell viability. Binds probably to the multimeric supercomplex, stimulating GTP hydrolysis by the bound beta-tubulin and the release of the alpha-/beta-tubulin heterodimer.
Lma10533.t1 MFDR_ARATH Associates in vitro with the adrenodoxin-like protein MFDX1 to form an efficient low potential electron transfer chain that is able to reduce cytochrome C (, Lma09868.t1 UND_ARATH Probable aspartic protease activated by the transcription factor MYB80. May participate in the regulation of the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) which is critical for pollen development.
Lma09167.t1 PTC52_ARATH Part of a translocon most abundantly expressed in etiolated plants and involved in the protochlorophyllidedependent import of the precursor NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (pPORA).
Lma13266.t1 PTC52_ARATH Part of a translocon most abundantly expressed in etiolated plants and involved in the protochlorophyllidedependent import of the precursor NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (pPORA).
Lma10064.t1 ARR20_ARATH Putative transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins (By similarity).

Lma20591.t1 ARR20_ARATH
Putative transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins (By similarity).

Lma10565.t1 OEP61_ARATH
Plays a role in protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). May function as chaperone docking protein during post-translational protein translocation into the ER. Chaperone receptor mediating Hsp70dependent protein targeting to chloroplasts. Interacts specifically with some chloroplast precursors, but not with mitochondrial precursors. Able to select precursors for delivery to the chloroplast translocase independently of Hsp70.

Lma12962.t1 OEP61_ARATH
Plays a role in protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). May function as chaperone docking protein during post-translational protein translocation into the ER. Chaperone receptor mediating Hsp70dependent protein targeting to chloroplasts. Interacts specifically with some chloroplast precursors, but not with mitochondrial precursors. Able to select precursors for delivery to the chloroplast translocase independently of Hsp70. Lma10369.t1 SY121_ARATH Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the secretory pathway.
Lma10170.t1 ATG1A_ARATH Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in autophagy in a nutritional condition-dependent manner. The ATG1-ATG13 protein kinase complex regulates downstream events required for autophagosome enclosure and/or vacuolar delivery. Becomes a target of autophagy under nutrient starvation. Connects autophagy to plant nutritional status.
Lma19850.t1 ATG1A_ARATH Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in autophagy in a nutritional condition-dependent manner. The ATG1-ATG13 protein kinase complex regulates downstream events required for autophagosome enclosure and/or vacuolar delivery. Becomes a target of autophagy under nutrient starvation. Connects autophagy to plant nutritional status. Lma11003.t1 CNG20_ARATH Probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Lma19273.t1 CNG20_ARATH Probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel.
Lma14852.t1 PRS8A_ARATH The 26S proteasome is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.

Lma19056.t1 PRS8A_ARATH
The 26S proteasome is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.
Lma00599.t1 AGL30_ARATH Probable transcription factor that forms heterodimers with the MADS-box proteins AGL66 and AGL104 and is involved in the regulation of pollen maturation at the late stages of pollen development and pollen tube growth.
Lma19620.t1 CH60B_ARATH Implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. May facilitate the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix (By similarity).

Lma14310.t1 ABI4_ARATH
Transcription regulator that probably binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Binds also to the S-box (5'-CACTTCCA-3') photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes-related (PhANGs-related) promoter element, and thus acts as a transcription inhibitor. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. May have a function in the deetiolation process. Confers sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and regulates the ABA signaling pathway during seed germination, upon nitrate-mediated lateral root inhibition, in hexokinase-dependent sugar responses (including feed-back regulation of photosynthesis and mobilization of storage lipid during germination), and in response to osmotic stress mediated by NaCl, KCl or mannitol. Plays a role in sucrose sensing or signaling, especially at low fluence far red light. Also involved in plant response to glucose treatment, especially at low concentration and in young seedlings. Required for the trehalosemediated root inhibition and starch accumulation in cotyledons, probably by inhibiting starch breakdown. However, seems to not be involved in sugar-mediated senescence. Required for the ABA-dependent betaamino-butyric acid (BABA) signaling pathway. BABA primes ABA synthesis and promotes resistance to drought and salt, and leads to a prime callose accumulation that confers resistance against necrotrophic pathogens such as A.brassicicola and P.cucumerina. Seems to be involved in resistance to S.sclerotiorum probably by regulating the ABA-mediated stomatal closure apparently by antagonistic interaction with oxalate. Negative regulator of low water potential-induced Pro accumulation whose effect is decreased by high levels of sugar.
Lma25376.t1 ABI4_ARATH Transcription regulator that probably binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Binds also to the S-box (5'-CACTTCCA-3') photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes-related (PhANGs-related) promoter element, and thus acts as a transcription inhibitor. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. May have a function in the deetiolation process. Confers sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and regulates the ABA signaling pathway during seed germination, upon nitrate-mediated lateral root inhibition, in hexokinase-dependent sugar responses (including feed-back regulation of photosynthesis and mobilization of storage lipid during germination), and in response to osmotic stress mediated by NaCl, KCl or mannitol. Plays a role in sucrose sensing or signaling, especially at low fluence far red light. Also involved in plant response to glucose treatment, especially at low concentration and in young seedlings. Required for the trehalosemediated root inhibition and starch accumulation in cotyledons, probably by inhibiting starch breakdown. However, seems to not be involved in sugar-mediated senescence. Required for the ABA-dependent betaamino-butyric acid (BABA) signaling pathway. BABA primes ABA synthesis and promotes resistance to drought and salt, and leads to a prime callose accumulation that confers resistance against necrotrophic pathogens such as A.brassicicola and P.cucumerina. Seems to be involved in resistance to S.sclerotiorum probably by regulating the ABA-mediated stomatal closure apparently by antagonistic interaction with oxalate. Negative regulator of low water potential-induced Pro accumulation whose effect is decreased by high levels of sugar.
Lma14968.t1 TSL_ARATH Required for correct initiation of floral organ primordia and for proper development of organ primordia. Phosphorylates in vitro ASF1B/SGA1, the C-terminal part of TKI1 and histone H3.

Lma12881.t1 GSO1_ARATH
Together with GSO2, receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase required during the development of the epidermal surface in embryos and cotyledonsIn coordination with GSO2, regulates root growth through control of cell division and cell fate specification. Controls seedling root growth by modulating sucrose response after germinationReceptor of the peptide hormones CIF1 and CIF2 required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in rootsRequired for localizing CASP proteins into the Casparian strip following an uninterrupted, ring-like domain, to trigger endodermal differentiation and thus regulate potassium ion (K) homeostasis. Involved in the maintenance of water transport and root pressure. May also be involved in the regulation of suberin accumulation in the endodermis

Lma12882.t1 DR100_ARATH
This protein is able to complement bacterial recA mutations, but its native function in the plant is not known.

Lma14373.t1 ERD15_ARATH
Central component of stress responses that interacts with poly(A)-binding proteins. Negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses, including resistance to drought and freezing as well as stomatal closure regulation. Mediates resistance to the bacterial necrotroph pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and promotes the induction of marker genes for systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

Lma26266.t1 ERD15_ARATH
Central component of stress responses that interacts with poly(A)-binding proteins. Negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses, including resistance to drought and freezing as well as stomatal closure regulation. Mediates resistance to the bacterial necrotroph pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and promotes the induction of marker genes for systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

Lma13658.t1 ASNA1_CHLRE
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the chloroplast. Required for the accumulation of TOC34, an essential component of the outer chloroplast membrane translocon (TOC) complex (, ). Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to chloroplast, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis Lma21263.t1 XTH24_ARATH Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. May be required during development to modify the walls of cells under mechanical stress.
Lma25567.t1 XTH24_ARATH Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. May be required during development to modify the walls of cells under mechanical stress. Lma20766.t1 GAUT3_ARATH May be involved in pectin and/or xylans biosynthesis in cell walls. Lma20768.t1 GAUT3_ARATH May be involved in pectin and/or xylans biosynthesis in cell walls. Lma21540.t1 CDPKM_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Lma21541.t1 CDPKM_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Lma10785.t1 MSL6_ARATH Mechanosensitive channel that opens in response to stretch forces in the membrane lipid bilayer. Lma22972.t1 MSL6_ARATH Mechanosensitive channel that opens in response to stretch forces in the membrane lipid bilayer.
Lma05615.t1 SNL4_ARATH Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Plays roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability (By similarity).
Lma15368.t1 4CL4_ARATH Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy-and methoxy-substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics. Lma00102.t1 PME2_ARATH Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin.

Lma12411.t1 CESA4_ARATH
Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening.

Lma15231.t1 CESA4_ARATH
Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening.
Lma15105.t1 PR19B_ARATH Probable ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair (By similarity). Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity.
Lma17690.t1 VP241_ARATH Component of the ESCRT-III complex, which is required for multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The ESCRT-III complex is probably involved in the concentration of MVB cargo (By similarity).

Lma07921.t1 ARR9_ARATH
Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling.
Lma24339.t1 ARR9_ARATH Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling.
Lma06261.t1 RFS4_ARATH Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity).
Lma10737.t1 RFS4_ARATH Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity).
Lma17915.t1 RK3B_ARATH One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly near the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit.
Lma25041.t1 RK3B_ARATH One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly near the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit.
Lma12130.t2 RFI2_ARATH Mediates phytochrome (phyA and phyB)-controlled seedling deetiolation responses such as hypocotyl elongation in response to red and far-red light (, ). Required for light-induced expression of LHCB3 and CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS)Regulates negatively CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression and photoperiodic flowering Lma11554.t1 CHR7_ARATH Chromatin remodeling factor that represses the expression of embryonic trait genes upon and after seed germination and thus enables the developmental switch to post-germinative growth.

Lma00566.t1 MTM1_ARATH
Involved in the mitochondrial activation of MSD1 by specifically facilitating insertion of the essential manganese cofactor. Has the ability to activate iron regulon in an iron-dependent manner.
Lma24291.t1 MTM1_ARATH Involved in the mitochondrial activation of MSD1 by specifically facilitating insertion of the essential manganese cofactor. Has the ability to activate iron regulon in an iron-dependent manner.
Lma24858.t1 TIL_ARATH Involved in basal (BT) and acquired thermotolerance (AT), probably by preventing plasma membrane lipids peroxidation induced by severe heat-shock (HS) (, ). Lipocalin that confers protection against oxidative stress caused by heat, freezing, paraquat and light (, ). Confers resistance to high salt (NaCl) levels, probably by protecting chloroplasts from ion toxicity via ion homeostasis maintenance (, ). Required for seed longevity by insuring polyunsaturated lipids integrity Lma24859.t1 TIL_ARATH Involved in basal (BT) and acquired thermotolerance (AT), probably by preventing plasma membrane lipids peroxidation induced by severe heat-shock (HS) (, ). Lipocalin that confers protection against oxidative stress caused by heat, freezing, paraquat and light (, ). Confers resistance to high salt (NaCl) levels, probably by protecting chloroplasts from ion toxicity via ion homeostasis maintenance (, ). Required for seed longevity by insuring polyunsaturated lipids integrity Lma04613.t1 CDPKF_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Lma04614.t1 CDPKF_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Lma04080.t1 VQ11_ARATH May modulate WRKY transcription factor activities. Lma05255.t1 VQ11_ARATH May modulate WRKY transcription factor activities.
Lma25903.t1 RDR5_ARATH Probably involved in the RNA silencing pathway and required for the generation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
Lma10561.t1 PSK3_ARATH Promotes plant cell differentiation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis as well as cell proliferation.
Lma10265.t1 MORF9_ARATH Involved in organellar RNA editing. Required for the processing of multiple editing sites in plastids.

Lma09902.t2 PAE5_ARATH
Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties.
Lma09353.t7 ERD2B_ARATH Determines the specificity of the luminal endoplasmic reticulum protein retention system. Required for the retro-transport of calreticulin-3 (CRT3) from the Golgi to the ER. Specifically required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR) function in response to the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) elf18.
Lma10383.t1 ACA1_ARATH This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol out of the cell or into organelles. Lma10120.t1 RNS1_ARATH May remobilize phosphate, particularly when cells senesce or when phosphate becomes limiting.
Lma09467.t2 IAA14_ARATH Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin-responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression.
Lma08678.t1 VRN2_ARATH Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Plays a central role in vernalization by maintaining repressed the homeotic gene FLC, a floral repressor, after a cold treatment. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Associates constitutively along the whole FLC locus.

Lma08633.t1 PER41_ARATH
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue.

Lma08990.t1 EIF3I_ARATH
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Lma10668.t1 PHB4_ARATH Prohibitin probably acts as a holdase/unfoldase for the stabilization of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins.
Lma09716.t1 NANA_ARATH Aspartic proteinase that can use azocasein as substrate and regulates endogenous sugar levels (e.g. sucrose, glucose and fructose) by modulating starch accumulation and remobilizationInvolved in the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM)Influences general morphology and development Lma09306.t1 NIPL1_ARATH May be involved in the early steps of the plant defense signaling pathway.

Lma10063.t1 QCR6_SOLTU
This is a component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This protein may mediate formation of the complex between cytochromes c and c1.
Lma09889.t1 TI141_ARATH Component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Lma08393.t1 ERLL2_ARATH Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
Lma25636.t1 REV3_ARATH Catalytic subunit of the error prone DNA polymerase zeta. Involved in damage-tolerance mechanisms through translesion DNA synthesis.
Lma25495.t1 KNAT1_ARATH May play a role in meristem function, and may be involved in maintaining cells in an undifferentiated, meristematic state, and its expression disappears at the same time the shoot apex undergoes the transition from vegetative to reproductive developmentPositive regulator of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB)Probably binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGAC-3'Able to traffic from the L1 to the L2/L3 layers of the meristem, presumably through plasmodesmata Lma25513.t1 XPB1_ARATH ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATPase activity of XPB, but not its helicase activity, is required for DNA opening. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPB is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription (By similarity). Required during the early stages of development, including seed germination Lma26451.t1 RL51_ARATH Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.
Lma25392.t1 ARR1_ARATH Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins. Regulates SHY2 by binding to its promoterInvolved in the root-meristem size determination through the regulation of cell differentiation Lma25390.t1 GAT17_ARATH Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters.
Lma19659.t1 PHB4_ARATH Prohibitin probably acts as a holdase/unfoldase for the stabilization of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins.
Lma20753.t1 EIF3A_ARATH RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Lma18883.t1 AGP4_ARATH Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death.
Lma18872.t1 ASPA_ARATH Probably not redundant with AED1 and not involved in restriction of salicylic acid (SA) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling.
Lma19194.t1 AHL5_ARATH Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs).

Lma20179.t2 PBL1_ARATH
Contributes to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Acts additively with BIK1 in PTI defensesSeems not required for flg22-induced MAPK activation (Probable). Required for Pep1-induced defenses. Pep1 is an endogenous elicitor that potentiates PAMP-inducible plant responses Lma20481.t1 ZAT9_ARATH Probable transcription factor that may be involved in stress responses.
Lma20444.t1 ASK4_ARATH Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein.
In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1 (By similarity).

Lma20340.t1 MYO16_ARATH
Myosin heavy chain that is required for the cell cycle-regulated transport of various organelles and proteins for their segregation. Functions by binding with its tail domain to receptor proteins on organelles and exerting force with its N-terminal motor domain against actin filaments, thereby transporting its cargo along polarized actin cables (By similarity). Lma20478.t1 SC61B_ARATH Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Lma19288.t3 LOG6_ARATH Cytokinin-activating enzyme working in the direct activation pathway. Phosphoribohydrolase that converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides to the biologically active free-base forms (By similarity).

Lma20287.t1 WIH2_ARATH
Required for the promotion of megasporogenesis, or promotion of germ cell formation from somatic precursor cells. Acts redundantly with WIH1. Functions in a genetic pathway downstream of SPL/NZZ and WUS and together with TRN2 in promoting megasporogenesis.

Lma19892.t1 FIP37_ARATH
Probable regulatory subunit of the N6-methyltransferase complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation at the 5'-[AG]GAC-3' consensus sites of some mRNAs (, ). Associates with MTA, MTB, VIR and HAKAI to form the m6A writer complex which is essential for adenosine methylation at specific mRNA sequencesN6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a role in mRNA stability, processing, translation efficiency and editing (, ). Essential protein required during endosperm development and embryogenesis. Involved in endoreduplication, especially in trichomes. May play a role in splicing events Lma18681.t1 NACA1_ARATH May promote appropriate targeting of ribosome-nascent polypeptide complexes.

Lma20712.t1 RBG7_ARATH
Plays a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress. Binds RNAs and DNAs sequence with a preference to single-stranded nucleic acids. Displays strong affinity to poly(U) and poly(G) sequence. Involved in mRNA alternative splicing of numerous targets by modulating splice site selection. Negatively regulates the circadian oscillations of its own transcript as well as RBG8 transcript. Forms an interlocked post-transcriptional negative feedback loop with the RBG8 autoregulatory circuit. Both proteins negatively autoregulate and reciprocally crossregulate by binding to their pre-mRNAs and promoting unproductive splicing coupled to degradation via the NMD pathway. Involved in the regulation of abscisic acid and stress responses. Affects the growth and stress tolerance under high salt and dehydration stress conditions, and also confers freezing tolerance, particularly via the regulation of stomatal opening and closing in the guard cells. Exhibits RNA chaperone activity during the cold adaptation process. Involved in the export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under cold stress conditions. Target of the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopU1, which could probably be involved in plant innate immunity. Component of the flowering autonomous pathway which promotes floral transition, at least partly by down-regulating FLC.
Lma18665.t1 LAZY1_ARATH Involved in the regulation of shoot gravitropism (, ). Involved in the regulation of inflorescence branch angle Lma20595.t1 XXT1_ARATH Xylosyltransferase specific to UDP-D-xylose that accepts both cellopentaose and cellohexaose as substrates, with a better use of cellohexaose, to produce xyloglucan. Adds preferentially the first xylosyl residue to the fourth glucosyl residue from the reducing end of both acceptors. Transfer one xylose mainly to the second glucose residue from the non-reducing end. The acceptor should have a minimum of four glucose residues.
Lma19641.t1 TGT1_ARATH Probable transcription factor that binds specifically to the core DNA sequence 5'-GGTTAA-3'. May act as a molecular switch in response to light signals.
Lma19780.t1 CLPC2_ARATH Molecular chaperone (, , ). May act as a suppressor of FtsH-mediated thylakoid membrane biogenesis and may enhance photoinhibitionSeems not involved in chloroplastic protein importProbable component of the TIC-associated stromal import motor involved in inner membrane translocationHas an ATPase activity, but no ADPase activityInteracts with transit peptides with a positional preference (, ). Localization of the signal sequence at the N-terminal end of a protein seems mandatory for interaction to take place Lma20637.t1 LFG2_ARATH Regulates the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway that mediates cell elongation and organ morphogenesis Lma20637.t1 LFG2_ARATH (Microbial infection) May prevent cell death upon A.alternata f.sp. lycopersici (AAL) toxin treatment.
Lma20315.t1 AGP23_ARATH Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death.
Lma19275.t1 HIP6_ARATH Heavy-metal-binding protein. Involved in the maintenance of heavy metal homeostasis and/or in detoxification. Lma18790.t1 BIG1D_ARATH Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway.
Lma18745.t1 CLE40_ARATH Extracellular signal peptide secreted by differentiated root cells that regulates root cell fate. Acts with ACR4 as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway, coordinating movement of the root tip and organization of cell divisions in the root meristem. Promotes cell differentiation in the distal root meristem in a dose-dependent manner, especially the transition from columella stem cells (CSC) daughters into columella cells (CCs). Induces ACR4 expression in root quiescent center (QC). Involved in WUX5 QC-specific expression pattern regulation.

Lma25797.t1 ZW10_ARATH
May be required for accurate chromosome segregation. Required for proper maturation of seed storage proteins. Forms a complex with MAG2, MIP2 and MIP3 on the endoplasmic reticulum that may be responsible for efficient transport of seed storage proteins.

Lma13269.t1 PME1_ARATH
Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin (By similarity). Demethylates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that have been reversibly carboxymethylated by LCMT1. Acts as negative regulators of genes involved in salt stress response Lma14343.t2 SCAB2_ARATH Probable plant-specific actin binding protein that bundles and stabilizes microfilaments (MFs).

Lma14396.t1 ZED1_ARATH
Probable non-functional pseudokinase required for recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1a by ZAR1. May function as a decoy to trap HopZ1a in the ZAR1 complex for recognition by the plant immune system.

Lma14372.t1 WIH2_ARATH
Required for the promotion of megasporogenesis, or promotion of germ cell formation from somatic precursor cells. Acts redundantly with WIH1. Functions in a genetic pathway downstream of SPL/NZZ and WUS and together with TRN2 in promoting megasporogenesis. Lma14137.t1 PUB2_ARATH Functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase.
Lma12479.t1 FRO3_ARATH Ferric chelate reductase involved in iron reduction in roots. May participate in the transport of electrons to a Fe(3+) ion via FAD and heme intermediates.
Lma14108.t1 CRWN4_ARATH Component of SUN-protein-containing multivariate complexes also called LINC complexes which link the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton by providing versatile outer nuclear membrane attachment sites for cytoskeletal filaments (By similarity). Required for nucleus structure organization (e.g. size and shape) (, ). Involved in the maintenance of interphase chromocenter integrity and organization Lma12810.t1 GRS11_ARATH May only reduce GSH-thiol disulfides, but not protein disulfides.
Lma14074.t1 PABN2_ARATH Involved in the 3'-end formation of mRNA precursors (pre-mRNA) by the addition of a poly(A) tail of 200 250 nt to the upstream cleavage product. Stimulates poly(A) polymerase (PAPOLA) conferring processivity on the poly(A) tail elongation reaction and controls also the poly(A) tail length. Increases the affinity of poly(A) polymerase for RNA. Binds to poly(A) and to poly(G) with high affinity. May protect the poly(A) tail from degradation.

Lma13458.t1 RPK1_ARATH
Involved in the main abscisic acid-mediated (ABA) signaling pathway and in early ABA perception. Together with RPK2, required for pattern formation along the radial axis (e.g. the apical embryonic domain cell types that generate cotyledon primordia), and the apical-basal axis (e.g. differentiation of the basal pole during early embryogenesis).

Lma14148.t1 ERF10_ARATH
Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity).

Lma13276.t1 P2C56_ARATH
Key component and repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, osmotic water permeability of the plasma membrane (Pos), droughtinduced resistance and rhizogenesis, response to glucose, high light stress, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. During the stomatal closure regulation, modulates the inward calcium-channel permeability as well as the actin reorganization in guard cells in response to ABA. Involved in the resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Controls negatively fibrillin expression that is involved in mediating ABA-induced photoprotection. May be involved in ABA content regulation. Plays a role in the Pro accumulation in response to reduced water availability (low water potential). Required for the ABA negative regulation of the ethylene-induced hyponastic growth. Involved in acquired thermotolerance of root growth and seedling survival. Activates/represses SRK2E/OST1 in response to ABA-dependent stimuli, especially in stomata closure regulation involving SLAC1. Represses Lma13646.t1 DSK2A_ARATH Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Prefers multiubiquitin chains rather than single ubiquitins, with a binding affinity for 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains. Acts as a ubiquitin receptor that associates with the 26S proteasomal docking subunit RPN10 for the indirect recognition of ubiquitinated substrates of ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis (UPP). Lma14376.t1 ATS3A_ARATH May play a role during embryo development.

Lma13875.t1 MYB96_ARATH
Transcription activator involved in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress. Binds directly to DNA consensus sequences found in the promoters of genes encoding very-long-chain fatty acidcondensing enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesisFunctions together with MYB94 in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesisInvolved in drought stress response through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Mediates ABA signals that enhance plant resistance to drought by reducing stomatal opening.
Mediates ABA-auxin cross-talk to regulate lateral root growth under drought stress conditionsInvolved in the regulation of ABA biosynthesis and ABA-dependent seed dormancy state. Binds to the promoters of NCED2 and NCED6, which are enzymes catalyzing the first step of ABA biosynthesisRegulates seed germination by controlling the expression of ABI4, a repressor of lipid breakdown during seed germinationBinds to the promoter of LTP3 and transactivates LTP3 gene in response to drought stress and freezingInvolved in cold stress response. Binds directly to the promoters of heptahelical protein (HHP) genes in response to cold stress. HHPs modulate the expression of SCRM/ICE1, SCRM2/ICE2 and CAMTA3, which are upstream regulators of cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs)Involved in defense responses against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. May act as a molecular link that mediates cross-talks between ABA and salicylateInvolved in a crosstalk between the circadian clock and ABA signaling. Binds directly to the promoter of APRR1/TOC1 to activate its expression Lma13214.t1 OEP61_ARATH Plays a role in protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). May function as chaperone docking protein during post-translational protein translocation into the ER. Chaperone receptor mediating Hsp70dependent protein targeting to chloroplasts. Interacts specifically with some chloroplast precursors, but not with mitochondrial precursors. Able to select precursors for delivery to the chloroplast translocase independently of Hsp70.
Lma12580.t1 PHB2_ARATH Prohibitin probably acts as a holdase/unfoldase for the stabilization of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins.
Lma12813.t1 SCRK1_MAIZE May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation in endosperm. May also be involved in a sugar-sensing pathway.
Lma13067.t1 RAN4_ARATH GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle (By similarity).
Lma13332.t1 RA51D_ARATH Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents.

Lma13548.t1 CYP59_ARATH
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Influences somehow regulation of RNA pol II (CTD) phosphorylation. Binds RNA with preferences for GC-rich sequences. Probably involved in activities connecting transcription and pre-mRNA processing. Involved in brassinostroid response.

Lma13325.t1 CD27B_ARATH
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitinprotein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex controls several key steps in the cell cycle by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins such as cyclins. The APC/C complex is required for the female gametophyte development and is involved in several aspect of development by controlling cell division and cell elongation. Involved in the control of endoreduplication. Functionally redundant with CDC27A in the control of gametophyte development.
Lma25648.t1 COV1_ARATH Involved in the regulation of vascular patterning in the stem, probably by negatively regulating the differentiation of vascular tissue.
Lma22377.t1 AHL8_ARATH Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs).

Lma22154.t1 DNJ10_ARATH
Have a continuous role in plant development probably in the structural organization of compartments. Lma20981.t1 CDPKI_ARATH May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger.
Lma20879.t1 GEM_ARATH Involved in the spatial control of cell division, patterning and differentiation of Arabidopsis root epidermal cells. Could be part of a complex that negatively modulates GLABRA2 and CAPRICE expression via the maintenance of a repressor histone H3 epigenetics status of the GL2 and CPC promoters.
Lma20800.t1 TIP23_ARATH Transports methylammonium or ammonium in yeast cells, preferentially at high medium pH. May participate in vacuolar compartmentation and detoxification of ammonium.
Lma21049.t1 CIF2_ARATH Peptide hormone required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in roots via the regulation of CASPs protein expression and distribution in a GSO1-GSO2 signaling pathway. The Casparian strip is required for ion homeostasis (e.g. iron and potassium ions). Lma21013.t1 ZAT3_ARATH Mediates the regulation of male germ cell division by DUO1.

Lma22207.t1 KN7B_ARATH
Probable plus end-directed motor protein that functions in the NACK-PQR (ANP3-MKK6-MPK4) MAP kinase signaling pathway, which is essential for somatic cell cytokinesis, especially for the cell-plate formation and its expansion. May regulate the activity and the localization of ANP3, probably by association through the non-catalytic region of the kinase. Functionally redundant with NACK1 and essential to promote the progression of cytokinesis and for cellularization (formation of the cell plate) during microgametogenesis and megagametogenesis.
Lma22627.t1 PS1_ARATH Required for normal spindle orientation at male meiosis II and normal formation of tetrad of microspores. Not involved in female meiosis.
Lma22165.t1 TCPB_ARATH Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin.

Lma21051.t1 SFH1_ARATH
Required for transport of secretory proteins from the Golgi complex (By similarity). Catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine between membranes in vitro. Plays a role in root hair tip elongation as a key regulator of polarized membrane trafficking. May promote the PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis and organization in root hair membrane.
Lma21958.t1 RPS5_ARATH Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the avrPphB type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Also confers resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew). Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Requires PBS1 to trigger the defense reaction against avrPphB. In case of infection by Pseudomonas syringae, AvrPphB triggers RPS5mediated defense mechanism via the cleavage of PBS1, suggesting that the cleavage of PBS1 could trigger an exchange of ADP for ATP, thereby activating RPS5. May function as a fine-tuned sensor of alterations in the structure of the effector target PBS1.

Lma21836.t2 MYO8_ARATH
Myosin heavy chain that is required for the cell cycle-regulated transport of various organelles and proteins for their segregation. Functions by binding with its tail domain to receptor proteins on organelles and exerting force with its N-terminal motor domain against actin filaments, thereby transporting its cargo along polarized actin cables.

Lma21857.t1 SMR6_ARATH
Probable cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitor that functions as a repressor of mitosis in the endoreduplication cell cycle (By similarity). May inhibit CDKA-1/CYCD complexes during S-phase, preventing the re-initiation of DNA replication Lma21674.t1 PS13A_ARATH Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.

Lma21351.t1 IP5P1_ARATH
Has phosphatase activity toward Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, but not toward Ins(1,4)P2, Ins(1)PSeems to be involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathwayCould also be able to hydrolyze PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 Lma22716.t1 RBG5_ARATH Possibly has a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress (By similarity). Binds RNAs and DNAs sequence with a preference to single-stranded nucleic acids. Displays strong affinity to poly(U) sequenceInvolved in C-to-U editing of mitochondrial RNA. Functions as major mitochondrial editing factor. Controls 44 percent of the mitochondrial editing sites Lma21759.t1 PER65_ARATH Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. Lma22281.t1 GGLO4_ARATH May be involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid.
Lma21757.t1 PMI12_ARATH Pectin methylesterase (PME) inhibitor involved in the maintenance of cell wall integrity in response to necrotrophic pathogens. Modulates PME activity and pectin methylesterification during infection by Botrytis cinerea and contributes to resistance against the pathogen.
Lma22757.t2 IF4G_ARATH Component of the protein complex eIF4F, which is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATPdependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome. Plays a role in the accumulation of some potyvirus during viral infection. Required for the accumulation of cucumber mosaic virus 3a protein and turnip crinkle virus p28 replication protein during viral infection. These proteins are necessary for cell-to-cell movement of the virus.
Lma22404.t1 FH8_ARATH Might be involved in the organization and polarity of the actin cytoskeleton. Interacts with the barbed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin-filament polymerization in vitro.

Lma21919.t1 HMA5_ARATH
Involved in copper import into the cell. May play a role in copper detoxification in roots.
Lma15079.t1 ORTH2_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Participates in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and epigenetic transcriptional silencing. Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. Promotes methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. Associates with methylated DNA, and can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrate. Probably acts at the DNA methylation?histone interface to maintain centromeric heterochromatin.
Lma15970.t1 PSD7B_ARATH Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Lma15698.t1 LEA76_BRANA Lea proteins are late embryonic proteins abundant in higher plant seed embryos.

Lma15975.t1 FAD3C_ARATH
Chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase introduces the third double bond in the biosynthesis of 16:3 and 18:3 fatty acids, important constituents of plant membranes. It is thought to use ferredoxin as an electron donor and to act on fatty acids esterified to galactolipids, sulfolipids and phosphatidylglycerol.
Lma15068.t1 RVE1_ARATH Morning-phased transcription factor integrating the circadian clock and auxin pathways. Binds to the evening element (EE) of promoters. Does not act within the central clock, but regulates free auxin levels in a time-of-day specific manner. Positively regulates the expression of YUC8 during the day, but has no effect during the night. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance. Lma14597.t1 GCL2_ARATH May play a role in signaling. May be not involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
Lma14836.t1 SBT17_ARATH Serine protease. Has a substrate preference for the hydrophobic residues Phe and Ala and the basic residue Asp in the P1 position, and for Asp, Leu or Ala in the P1' positionEssential for mucilage release from seed coats. Triggers the accumulation and/or activation of cell wall modifying enzymes necessary either for the loosening of the outer primary cell wall, or to facilitate swelling of the mucilage Lma14691.t1 RPOT3_ARATH Nuclear-encoded DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA in chloroplasts using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates (Probable). Required for chloroplast development and leaf mesophyll cell proliferation Lma15056.t1 SR34_ARATH General splicing factor. Can promote splice site selection in vitro presumably by antagonizing the effects of the A1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein. May have an essential function during early plant development.
Lma15410.t1 GRP5_ARATH Involved in organ growth by promoting cell elongation processes. Lma14793.t1 AAE2_ARATH May act as an acid--thiol ligase that activates carboxylic acids by forming acyl-CoAs.
Lma15788.t2 AT12B_ARATH Ubiquitin-like protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. ATG12/ATG5 conjugate has an essential role in plant nutrient recycling. Lma15837.t4 HMG10_ARATH Binds preferentially DNA with A/T-rich content. Lma16268.t1 HIP43_ARATH Heavy-metal-binding protein.
Lma16079.t1 PAE5_ARATH Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties.

Lma14621.t1 RIC6_ARATH
Functions as downstream effector of Rho-related GTP binding proteins of the "Rho of Plants" (ROPs) family. Participates in the propagation of ROP GTPase signals in specific cellular responses. Is involved in pollen tube growth regulation through its interaction with ARAC11/ROP1.
Lma14716.t1 DSC2_ARATH TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein involved in plant defense. Acts as a trigger of hypersensitive response (HR). Functions as guard of CAMTA3, a negative regulator of immunity, during pathogen infection. Lma08067.t1 IQD14_ARATH May be involved in cooperative interactions with calmodulins or calmodulin-like proteins. May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level (By similarity).

Lma07847.t1 FPGS3_ARATH
Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis. Essential for organellar and whole-plant folate homeostasis.

Lma07283.t1 RRT1_ARATH
Glycosyltransferase involved in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) oligosaccharides in the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-ITransfers the rhamnose residue from UDP-beta-L-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharidesPrefers RG-I oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 5 or larger than 5Does not act on oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 4 or smaller than 4Does not require metal ions for its activity Lma07362.t1 DRM2_ARATH Involved in de novo DNA methylation. Controls asymmetric and CpNpG methylation. Required for FWA gene silencing but not for the maintenance of SUP gene silencing. Functionally redundant to CMT3 to maintain non-CpG methylation. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) (, , ). Acts as major DNA methyltransferase in the RdDM pathway, and is essential for RNA-directed de novo DNA methylation of cytosines in all sequence contexts (, ). Associates with long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) produced by RNA polymerase V (Pol V). This association is dependent on AGO4 and IDN2, and results in DNA methylation of RdDM target loci Lma07669.t1 HFA7A_ARATH Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE).
Lma06514.t1 PLRX4_ARATH Modulates cell morphogenesis by regulating cell wall formation and assembly, and/or growth polarization.
Lma07290.t1 SP1L4_ARATH Acts redundantly with SPR1 in maintaining the cortical microtubules organization essential for anisotropic cell growth.
Lma07365.t1 AGP6_ARATH Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death (By similarity). Plays an important role during the formation of the nexine layer of the pollen wall Lma07583.t1 SBT17_ARATH Serine protease. Has a substrate preference for the hydrophobic residues Phe and Ala and the basic residue Asp in the P1 position, and for Asp, Leu or Ala in the P1' positionEssential for mucilage release from seed coats. Triggers the accumulation and/or activation of cell wall modifying enzymes necessary either for the loosening of the outer primary cell wall, or to facilitate swelling of the mucilage Lma06686.t1 GDU1_ARATH Probable subunit of an amino acid transporter involved in the regulation of the amino acid metabolism. Stimulates amino acid export by activating nonselective amino acid facilitators. Required the interaction with the RING-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LOG2 to fulfill its function. Plays a role in the Gln export at hydathodes, at xylem parenchyma into xylem sap and from mesophyll into leaf apoplasm. Acts upstream genes involved in the salicylic acid (SA) pathway and in the geminivirus-host interaction.

Lma06684.t1 PER46_ARATH
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue.
Lma25357.t1 MA652_ARATH Microtubule-associated protein that stabilize microtubules (MT). Involved in the regulation of MT organization and dynamics. Confers MT resistance to the drug propyzamide and cold conditions. Lma25396.t1 PIP25_ARATH Aquaporins facilitate the transport of water and small neutral solutes across cell membranes.
Lma17212.t1 CAR1_ARATH Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivityBinds liposomes in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), but this activity is enhanced in the presence of Ca(2+) and generates membrane curvature (By similarity).
Lma16857.t1 SPER2_ARATH Adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factors (By similarity). May be involved in leaf development.
Lma17499.t1 AB8I_ARATH Involved in light signaling, probably by mediating the transport and correct distribution of protoporphyrin IX, a chlorophyll precursor, in response to far-red light.
Lma17788.t1 NHX5_ARATH Involved in trafficking to the vacuole. Required for cell proliferation and cell expansion, but not for cell differentiation. Acts in low affinity electroneutral exchange of protons for cations such as Na(+) or K(+) across membranes. May also exchange Li(+) and Cs(+) with a lower affinity.

Lma17999.t1 ERF12_ARATH
Transcriptional activator involved in the regulation of plant development and tolerance to abiotic stressesInvolved in salt and osmotic stress response pathways. May be regulated by the stress-related genes RD29A, RD22, DREB1A or P5CS during stress responseBinds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Lma17312.t1 SAU24_ARATH Functions as positive effectors of cell expansion through modulation of auxin transport.

Lma18297.t1 ERF76_ARATH
Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity).
Lma18180.t1 PRL1_ARATH Pleiotropic regulator of glucose, stress and hormone responses. Also regulates cytochrome P450 CYP90A1/CPD. Coordinates the expression of hormone-and stress-related genes and genes related to cell wall modification and growth, leading to altered sugar-dependent growth and developmental responses. Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. By suppressing the expression of several (1)O(2)responsive genes, PRL1 seems to play a major role in modulating responses of plants to environmental changes by interconnecting (1) Lma17676.t1 GAOX4_ARATH Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. Lma18026.t1 DEF02_ARATH Confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens. Lma16800.t1 KRP4_ARATH Binds and inhibits CYCD2-1/CDKA-1 complex kinase activity. May target specifically CDKA-1.

Lma17479.t1 UBQ4_ARATH
Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-11linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchoredpolyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).

Lma16932.t1 BZP16_ARATH
Transcriptional activator that binds to the G-box motif (5'-CACGTG-3') and other cis-acting elements with 5'-ACGT-3' core, such as Hex, C-box and as-1 motifs. Possesses high binding affinity to G-box, much lower affinity to Hex and C-box, and little affinity to as-1 elementG-box and G-box-like motifs are cisacting elements defined in promoters of certain plant genes which are regulated by such diverse stimuli as light-induction or hormone control (Probable). Binds to the G-box motif 5'-CACGTG-3' of LHCB2.4 (At3g27690) promoter. May act as transcriptional repressor in light-regulated expression of LHCB2.4. Binds DNA as monomer. DNA-binding activity is redox-dependent Lma17306.t1 DSC2_ARATH TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein involved in plant defense. Acts as a trigger of hypersensitive response (HR). Functions as guard of CAMTA3, a negative regulator of immunity, during pathogen infection.
Lma16540.t1 VATL_GOSHI Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Lma17789.t1 NHX5_ARATH Involved in trafficking to the vacuole. Required for cell proliferation and cell expansion, but not for cell differentiation. Acts in low affinity electroneutral exchange of protons for cations such as Na(+) or K(+) across membranes. May also exchange Li(+) and Cs(+) with a lower affinity.
Lma00093.t1 UBIQP_HORVU Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulumassociated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). Lma01110.t1 DEF2_SINAL Inhibits bovine beta-trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin on a 1:1 molar basis.
Lma00708.t1 IWS1_ARATH Transcription factor involved in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription regulation. Involved in transcription elongation. May function at post-recruitment and elongation steps of transcription. May be recruited by BZR2/BES1 to target genes and promote their expression during transcription elongation process. Required for brassinosteroid (BR)-induced gene expressionRequired the for regulation of numerous nitrogen-responsive genes in roots. Acts in roots to repress NRT2.1 transcription in response to high nitrogen supply. This repression is associated with an IWS1-dependent increase of trimethylation on 'Lys-27' H3K27me3 at the NRT2.1 locus Lma01493.t1 HAC12_ARATH Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation.
Lma02279.t1 P23A_ARATH Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90Controls root development through the modulation of auxin distribution in the root meristem Lma00266.t1 SPP1_ARATH Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. Lma00043.t1 BAM5_ARATH Beta-amylase activity. Major cytosolic beta-amylase isoform in rosette leaves and inflorescences stems.
Lma01972.t1 RGAP5_ARATH Acts as a GTPase activator for the Rac-type GTPase by converting it to an inactive GDP-bound state.
Lma00153.t1 GT14A_ARATH Beta-glucuronosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan (AG). Modifies both the beta-1,6-linked galactan and beta-1,3-linked galactan present in type II AG. Transfers glucuronate to beta-1,6-galactooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization ranging from 3 to 11. Transfers glucuronate to beta-1,3-galactooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization ranging from 5 to 7. The addition of glucuronate at the O6 position may terminate galactose chain extension. Required for cell elongation during seedling growth.
Lma01102.t1 T2FA_ARATH TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation (By similarity).
Lma01170.t1 PUM8_ARATH Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates translation and mRNA stability by binding the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs.
Lma00058.t1 BRE1B_ARATH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6.

Lma00054.t1 DIR20_ARATH
Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism.
Lma01225.t1 NSRB_ARATH Alternative splicing (AS) regulator that binds to specific mRNAs and modulates auxin effects on the transcriptome. Displaced from its targets upon binding to AS competitor long non-coding RNA (ASCO-RNA).

Lma00451.t1 REHY_ARATH
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively (By similarity). Seems to contribute to the inhibition of germination during stress Lma00610.t2 IF413_TOBAC ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a subunit of the eIF4F complex involved in cap recognition and is required for mRNA binding to ribosome. In the current model of translation initiation, eIF4A unwinds RNA secondary structures in the 5'-UTR of mRNAs which is necessary to allow efficient binding of the small ribosomal subunit, and subsequent scanning for the initiator codon (By similarity).

Lma00809.t1 CSP1_ARATH
Chaperone that binds to RNA, single-(ssDNA) and double-stranded (dsDNA) DNA, and unwinds nucleic acid duplex. Exhibits a DNA melting activity. May be involved in cold resistance. Prevents seed germination under dehydration or salt stress conditions.

Lma00552.t1 PSBS_ARATH
Plays an important role in non-photochemical quenching, a process maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage. Is not necessary for efficient light harvesting and photosynthesis.
Lma03645.t1 GSH1_ARATH Seems to play an important role in controlling the expression of resistance responses like the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and phytoalexin (camalexin) production. Involved in resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Required for the regulation of cell proliferation in root apical meristems through the GSHdependent developmental pathway. Also participates in the detoxification process, the antioxidant response and is essential for embryo development and proper seed maturation. Lma03960.t1 PME20_ARATH Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin.
Lma02547.t1 TPX2_ARATH Regulates prospindle assembly during late prophase and at the onset of mitosis, before nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB). Is exported from the nucleus shortly before NEB and organized into two polar crescents. After NEB, is progressively associated with the forming spindle. Probably mediates AUR1 activation and localization to spindle microtubules. Has a microtubule binding capability and is able to trigger microtubule assembly induced by RanGTP in a heterologous system. Not involved in phragmoplast assembly, nuclear envelope reformation, and cortical microtubule assembly at the onset of G1Involved in the formation of specific nuclear and perinuclear microtubular arrays in the nuclei of acentrosomal plant cells. Fungi and plants have acentrosomal microtubule arrays because they lack centrosomes. They use other microtubule organizing center (MTOC) structures to organize their microtubules. May function through interaction with importin Lma03828.t1 NHP2_ARATH Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs (By similarity).

Lma03102.t1 DGK6_ARATH
Phosphorylates the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), another important signaling molecule. PA is required for plant development and responses to abiotic stress and pathogen attack. May be involved in the accumulation of PA during cold stress.
Lma03146.t1 SPL_ARATH Transcriptional regulator of sporocyte developmentActs as an adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factorsRequired for nucellus and embryo sac developmentPlays a central role in patterning both the proximal-distal and the adaxial-abaxial axes during ovule developmentInvolved in establishing the prospective chalaza of the ovule and in controlling the cell number and the length of the funiculus, and is required for the development of the integumentsRequired, with BEL1, for cytokinin-induced PIN1 expression in ovulesInvolved in controlling stamen identityMay also regulate the morphology of lateral organs by repressing auxin production Lma05286.t1 VP52A_ARATH Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex facilitates tethering as well as SNARE complex assembly at the Golgi (By similarity). Required for pollen tube elongation and other polar growth.
Lma05202.t1 RPK1_ARATH Involved in the main abscisic acid-mediated (ABA) signaling pathway and in early ABA perception. Together with RPK2, required for pattern formation along the radial axis (e.g. the apical embryonic domain cell types that generate cotyledon primordia), and the apical-basal axis (e.g. differentiation of the basal pole during early embryogenesis). Lma06194.t1 PUB2_ARATH Functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase.
Lma04304.t1 BBX21_ARATH Transcription activator that acts as positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenesisActs downstream of COP1 and play an important role in early and long-term adjustment of the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses in natural environments Lma06105.t1 WRK19_ARATH Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element. May act also as a disease resistance protein with a serine/threonineprotein kinase activity (By similarity).

Lma05310.t1 EMS1_ARATH
Receptor with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity required for the specification of the correct number of male archesporial initials and for the subsequent specification of tapetal and middle cell layer identities. In seeds, required for enhancing cell size and the rate of embryonic development.
Lma06002.t2 SUD1_ARATH Probable E3 ubiquitin ligase acting as a positive post-transcriptional regulator of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity. Might be involved in the quality control that degrades misfolded proteins (By similarity).
Lma05056.t1 KPYC_ARATH Key regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, converting ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ATP and pyruvate by essentially irreversible transphosphorylation.
Lma06020.t1 PEX14_ARATH Controls intracellular transport of both PTS1-and PTS2-containing proteins. Required for the proper targeting of PEX7 to the peroxisome.
Lma05279.t1 IMDH1_ARATH Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth.
Lma06087.t1 AGP1_ARATH Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death.

Lma04147.t2 BRG2_ARATH
Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Has no effect on the stability of the DELLA proteins.
Lma04261.t1 CST_ARATH Acts as a spatial inhibitor of signaling that modulates abscission zone cell adhesion and expansion. Acts both directly and indirectly by physically interacting with RLK5/HAE and SOBIR1/EVR at the cell surface. Lma04495.t1 PUB10_ARATH Functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase.
Lma04668.t1 CESA6_ARATH Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation. The presence of each protein CESA1 and CESA6 is critical for cell expansion. The hypocotyl elongation is based on a CESA6-dependent cell elongation in dark and a CESA6-independent cell elongation in light. The transition between these two mechanisms requires photosynthesis and PHYB, but not CRY1. The CESA6-dependent cell elongation seems to be independent of gibberellic acid, auxin and ethylene. May be involved in sensitivity to isoxaben. Associates with and moves along cortical microtubules for the process of cellulose deposition.
Lma05314.t1 NAS2_ARATH Synthesizes nicotianamine, a polyamine which serves as a sensor for the physiological iron status within the plant, and/or might be involved in the transport of iron.