Abstract
Background
Gender-diversity trends in ophthalmology in Israel have not been studied despite a high proportion of female ophthalmologists. Our purpose was to evaluate gender-related trends in ophthalmology professional career and personal life performance in early and advanced careers in Israel.
Methods
A survey based on a nationwide voluntary anonymous web questionnaire was distributed to the members of the Israeli Ophthalmological Society. The questionnaire included questions referring to professional career and personal life performance. Gender differences were analyzed.
Results
Out of 252 respondents, 116 (46%) were women, with a mean age of 47.97 + −11.3 and 53.18 + −12.4 (P = 0.01) years, respectively. Marital status, post-residency fellowship performance or duration, an additional academic degree, academic appointments, and managerial positions were similar between genders. Fellowship predominance of males was found in cornea/cataract/refractive and of females in strabismus, pediatric ophthalmology, and neuro-ophthalmology (P < 0.01, P = 0.032, respectively). Men had significantly more publications and appointments in peer review journals and work hours (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, P = 0.027, respectively). Both genders responded similarly regarding work satisfaction, combination between family life and work. More women felt inequity during and post-residency in clinical (P = 0.011, P = 0.001, respectively) and surgical work (P = 0.001, P = 0.035, respectively). More women experienced inappropriate remarks from patients and sexual harassment (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively), and supported the need for affirmative action (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Several gender disparities were found among ophthalmologists in Israel, including subspecialties distributions, publications, appointments in peer review journals, working hours, work inequity sense, harassment events, and support the need for affirmative action.
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Data availability
Anonymized data from this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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ISB, ZHW, and DG contributed to the conception of the study. ISB, ZHW, MSF, AR, TPK, DG, and AL contributed to the design of the study. ISB and ZHW performed the literature search and data collection. AR carried out statistical analysis. ISB and ZHW drafted the manuscript. ISB and ZHW critically revised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Barequet, I.S., Rosenblatt, A., Schaap Fogler, M. et al. Gender related trends among Israeli ophthalmologists professional career and personal life performance. Eye 37, 3496–3501 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02543-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02543-7