Abstract
Design A retrospective study.
Cohort selection Inclusion criteria included: participants of any age who had completed their fixed orthodontic treatment on both arches and were treated by the same orthodontist in their private practice; had bonded retainers for five years, which were placed immediately after the orthodontic treatment in both arches; had one of three types of bonded retainers (0.026 × 0.010 inch Bond-A-Braid, 0.038 × 0.016 inch Ortho-FlexTech and Reliance Retainium Superior Brand Lingual Retainer Wire); had a final overbite of 2-4 mm after the completion of orthodontic treatment. Subjects who got their retainers changed, repaired or removed before five years, and syndromic patients, were excluded from the study.
Data analysis The participants who agreed to contribute to the study and came for the final clinical examination were assessed for the retention status and the periodontal/gingival indies. Retention and retainer status: unwanted tooth movements and time and type of retainer failure. Periodontal/gingival indies: maximum pocket depth (PD) from the lingual side for the retained teeth and bleeding on probing (BOP). The authors performed a series of analyses to compare the orthodontic retainers regarding several outcomes and demographic variables. Briefly, the authors compared the orthodontic retainers concerning: i) age and treatment duration using analysis of variance (since the data were found to be normally distributed based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test); ii) demographic variables and BOP using several Chi-square tests; iii) PD via the Kruskal-Wallis test; and iv) survival rate through a Cox regression model alongside log-rank test.
Results In total, 118 patients were included in this study, of which, 90 were women and 28 were men, with an average age of 22.34 ± 6.44 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between the three types of retainers or between men and women. Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between the different age groups for the maxilla and mandible. Different maximum and minimum failure rates were observed between teeth in the maxilla and the mandible in the three retainers' group.
Conclusions No difference was found between the three types of bonded retainers in regard to the survival rate and periodontal indices.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 4 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $64.75 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Get just this article for as long as you need it
$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Kocher K E, Gebistorf M C, Pandis N, Fudalej P S, Katsaros C. Survival of maxillary and mandibular bonded retainers 10 to 15 years after orthodontic treatment: a retrospective observational study. Prog Orthod 2019; 20: 28.
Hernán M A, Clayton D, Keiding N. The Simpson's paradox unraveled. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40: 780-785.
Stuart E A. Matching methods for causal inference: A review and a look forward. Stat Sci 2010; 25: 1-21.
Page M J, McKenzie J E, Kirkham J et al. Bias due to selective inclusion and reporting of outcomes and analyses in systematic reviews of randomised trials of healthcare interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000035.pub2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mheissen, S., Spineli, L. Is there a difference among different bonded retainers in regard to survival rate?. Evid Based Dent 23, 156–157 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-022-0832-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-022-0832-z
