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Meta-analysis of the association between the dietary inflammatory index and risk of chronic kidney disease

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

To explore the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk, we obtained 6 studies (3 prospective studies and 3 cross-sectional studies) from PubMed, CBM, Cochrane Library, and Embase, as of March 6, 2023. Our results revealed a positive link between the CKD risk and rising DII that signified a pro-inflammatory diet. With medium heterogeneity (Overall RR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.22, 1.71; I2 = 64.7%, P = 0.015), individuals in the highest DII exposure category had a 44% greater overall risk of developing CKD than those in the lowest DII exposure category. According to risk estimations from cross-sectional studies, individuals in the highest DII exposure category had a 64% higher risk of developing CKD than those in the lowest DII exposure category, with significant heterogeneity (RR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.29; I2 = 70.9%, P = 0.032). The risk estimates in cohort studies revealed individuals in the highest DII exposure category had a 28% higher risk of CKD than those in the lowest DII exposure category, with a low heterogeneity (RR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.14, 1.44; I2 = 17.2%, P = 0.015). Cross-sectional studies showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between DII and CKD risk, while cohort studies indicated a linear dose-response relationship. Meta-regression results showed publication year, study design, and country had no significant correlation with the meta-analysis. The subgroup analysis results remained consistent. Results support the significance and importance of adopting a better anti-inflammatory diet in preventing CKD. These findings further confirm DII as a tool of the inflammatory potential of the diet to prevent and delay the onset and progression of CKD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunization, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Qiujin Chen

  2. Department of Infection Control, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China

    Liang Ou

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Conceptualization: QJC and OL; Methodology: QJC and OL; Investigation: QJC; Data curation: QJC; Writing-original draft: QJC; Software: QJC; Visualization: QJC; Resources: OL; Writing-Reviewing and Editing: OL; Supervision: OL; Project administration: OL.

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Chen, Q., Ou, L. Meta-analysis of the association between the dietary inflammatory index and risk of chronic kidney disease. Eur J Clin Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01493-x

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