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Nutrition and diabetes in South Asia

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 72, pages 1267–1273 (2018)Cite this article

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Economic liberalization of India in the late 1990s ushered in an increase in life-expectancy, food security, urbanization, mechanization and shift towards a sedentary lifestyle and decreased energy expenditure. Together with an increased intake of energy-dense foods, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, these have resulted in nutritional imbalance, obesity and stress culminating into an ‘epidemic’ of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [1]. To quantify deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes attributable to dietary and metabolic risks in South Asian countries, Yakoob and colleagues analysed data from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease national surveys and concluded that suboptimal diets were the leading cause. Such diets are characterised by low intake of fruits, whole grains, vegetables, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [2]. In children and adolescents, nutritional risk factors associated with overweight / obesity include reduced fruit and vegetable consumption, consumption of energy-dense ‘junk’ foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) [3].

In this review, we discuss determinants, emerging nutrition issues in social context, and some possible solutions for prevention of diabetes. The literature search has been carried using the terms ‘diet, nutrition or nutrient in Asian Indians or South Asians combined with ‘diabetes’ in the following medical search databases; [1] PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) from 2006 to June, 2018, [2] Current Contents (Institute for Scientific Information, Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, and [3] and Google Scholar. A manual search of the references was also carried out.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National-Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Hema S Gopalan & Anoop Misra

  2. Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, 110016, India

    Anoop Misra

  3. Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B 16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India

    Anoop Misra

  4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Ranil Jayawardena

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Gopalan, H.S., Misra, A. & Jayawardena, R. Nutrition and diabetes in South Asia. Eur J Clin Nutr 72, 1267–1273 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0219-6

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