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Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 72, pages 1071–1082 (2018)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background/objectives

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with attractive biological activities. Numerous studies have been conducted on the inflammation-lowering effects of CLA in in vitro and animal models. However, the effects of CLA treatment on the inflammatory markers in humans are controversial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on controlled clinical trials (RCT) assessing the effects of CLA supplementation on the circulating inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Subjects/methods

The literature search of RCTs was performed using Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 2017. Weighted mean differences were estimated and the pooled effect size was calculated by a random effects model.

Results

Of the 427 identified studies, eleven RCTs, including 420 subjects were included in the statistical analysis. Findings suggested that CLA supplementation increased blood levels of CRP by 0.89 mg/l (95% CI: 0.11, 1.68; P = 0.025) and TNF-α levels by 0.39 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.23, 0.55; P < 0.0001). However, blood IL-6 levels were marginally decreased by 0.32 pg/ml (95% CI: −0.71, 0.07; P = 0.11) following CLA supplementation. There was a significant heterogeneity for the impact of CLA on CRP and IL-6, but not TNF-α.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis showed that CLA supplementation may increase inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-α). There are concerns about using CLA supplementation as an anti-obesity agent among the obese population for at least a short duration.

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Author contributions

BFNMG conceived the study, carried out the literature search and data extraction. FH performed data analysis. BFNMG and FH wrote the manuscript and both authors read and confirmed the final version of manuscript.

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  1. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Fahimeh Haghighatdoost

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Fahimeh Haghighatdoost

  3. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran

    B. Fatemeh Nobakht M. Gh

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Haghighatdoost, F., Nobakht M. Gh, B.F. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 72, 1071–1082 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0048-z

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