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Novel bio-based flexible bisphenol epoxy resin derived from cashew nut shell liquid

Polymer Journal volume 55, pages 859–867 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

A novel diglycidyl ether (BCNDGE) derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was synthesized and used as a building block to formulate an epoxy resin. BCNDGE was synthesized by a two-step epoxidation reaction of a bio-based bisphenol starting from CNSL. Epoxy resins were prepared with BCNDGE and commercial bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BPADGE) with an acid anhydride hardener. The curing behaviors and chemical structures of the epoxy polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All cured epoxys were self-standing films regardless of the BCNDGE content. The gel contents of the epoxy films prepared with BCNDGE and BPADGE were over 90%, indicating that the curing reaction proceeded effectively. The thermal stability of the BCNDGE and BCNDGE/BPADGE films was greater than that of the epoxy prepared with commercial BPADGE, indicating that the long alkyl side chains of BCNDGE inhibited the attack from the reactive species formed during pyrolysis. The glass-transition temperatures of the BCNDGE/BPADGE films decreased with increasing BCNDGE content. These results demonstrate that the inclusion of BCNDGE enhanced the flexible nature of the polymer segments by acting as a plasticizer. Hence, BCNDGE is a promising novel diglycidyl ether candidate with high biomass content to act as an alternative to petroleum-based chemicals for epoxy resins.

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Acknowledgements

We thank members of the Smart-Core-Facility Promotion Organization of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan

    Yuka Yokoyama & Kenji Ogino

  2. The 1st R&D Department, Corporate R&D Division, Sakata Inx Corporation, Noda-shi, Chiba, 270-0235, Japan

    Yuka Yokoyama, Tatsuya Yasui & Akihiro Takeda

  3. Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan

    Shinji Kanehashi

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  1. Yuka Yokoyama
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  2. Tatsuya Yasui
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Correspondence to Shinji Kanehashi.

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Yokoyama, Y., Yasui, T., Takeda, A. et al. Novel bio-based flexible bisphenol epoxy resin derived from cashew nut shell liquid. Polym J 55, 859–867 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-023-00782-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-023-00782-9

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