Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

High-dose bendamustine and melphalan conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 54, pages 2027–2038 (2019)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

High-dose melphalan (MEL200) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM). Bendamustine induces responses in MM resistant to other alkylators. Our prior Phase I trial adding bendamustine to MEL200 transplant conditioning resulted in no additional toxicity. We now report a single-arm, phase II study that evaluated the efficacy of bendamustine 225 mg/m2 with MEL200 conditioning for ASCT in 18 patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) and 17 with relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM). The primary end point was the complete response (CR/sCR) rate at day+ 100. Sample size was determined according to Simon’s two-stage design. At stage 1, sixteen patients entered the study. As there were eight patients with CR/sCR, enrollment increased to 28 patients. Sixteen out of the first 28 evaluable patients achieved CR/sCR, meeting the design criteria. Enrollment was then expanded to a total of 35 patients. 51% achieved a CR/sCR. After a median follow-up of 65 months, 21 patients progressed, including 7 deaths. The median PFS for NDMM and RRMM was 48 and 45 months, respectively. Bendamustine/MEL200 conditioning resulted in excellent overall and depth of response as well as PFS, particularly in the RRMM patients, and is worthy of further investigation (NCT00916058).

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mikhael J, Ismaila N, Cheung MC, Costello C, Dhodapkar MV, Kumar S, et al. Treatment of multiple myeloma: ASCO and CCO Joint Clinical Practice Guideline Summary. J Oncol Pract. 2019;37:1228–63.

  2. Gay F, Engelhardt M, Terpos E, Wasch R, Giaccone L, Auner HW, et al. From transplant to novel cellular therapies in multiple myeloma: European Myeloma Network guidelines and future perspectives. Haematologica. 2018;103:197–211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Dhakal B, Szabo A, Chhabra S, Hamadani M, D’Souza A, Usmani SZ, et al. Autologous transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in the era of novel agent induction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4:343–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Moreau P, San Miguel J, Sonneveld P, Mateos MV, Zamagni E, Avet-Loiseau H, et al. Multiple myeloma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl_4):iv52–iv61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Hulin C, Leleu X, Caillot D, Escoffre M, et al. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with transplantation for myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1311–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Moreau P. Comparison of 200 mg/m2 melphalan and 8 Gy total body irradiation plus 140 mg/m2 melphalan as conditioning regimens for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: final analysis of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome 9502 randomized trial. Blood. 2002;99:731–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Maybury B, Cook G, Pratt G, Yong K, Ramasamy K. Augmenting autologous stem cell transplantation to improve outcomes in myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22:1926–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lahuerta JJ, Mateos MV, Martinez-Lopez J, Grande C, de la Rubia J, Rosinol L, et al. Busulfan 12 mg/kg plus melphalan 140 mg/m2 versus melphalan 200 mg/m2 as conditioning regimens for autologous transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients included in the PETHEMA/GEM2000 study. Haematologica. 2010;95:1913–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Roussel M, Moreau P, Huynh A, Mary JY, Danho C, Caillot D, et al. Bortezomib and high-dose melphalan as conditioning regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with de novo multiple myeloma: a phase 2 study of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM). Blood. 2010;115:32–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Roussel M, Hebraud B, Lauwers-Cances V, Macro M, Leleu X, Hulin C, et al. Bortezomib and high-dose melphalan vs. high-dose melphalan as conditioning regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation in de novo multiple myeloma patients: a phase 3 study of the Intergroupe Francophone Du Myelome (IFM 2014-02). Blood. 2017;130(Suppl 1):398.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Blanes M, Lahuerta JJ, González JD, Ribas P, Solano C, Alegre A, et al. Intravenous busulfan and melphalan as a conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a matched comparison to a melphalan-only approach. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013;19:69–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Knop S, Bauer K, Hebart H, Wandt H, Trumper L, Liebisch P, et al. A randomized comparison of total-marrow irradiation, Busulfan and cyclophosphamide with tandem high-dose melphalan in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood. 2007;110:223a–4.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Park SS, Kim K, Kim SJ, Lee JH, Yoon SS, Mun YC, et al. A phase I/II, open-label, prospective, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lower doses of bortezomib plus busulfan and melphalan as a conditioning regimen in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: The KMM103 study. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation: Biol Blood and Marrow Transplant. 2019.

  14. Beaven AW, Moore DT, Sharf A, Serody JS, Shea TC, Gabriel DA. Infusional mitoxantrone plus bolus melphalan as a stem cell transplant conditioning regimen for multiple myeloma. Cancer Invest. 2011;29:214–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fenk R, Schneider P, Kropff M, Huenerlituerkoglu AN, Steidl U, Aul C, et al. High-dose idarubicin, cyclophosphamide and melphalan as conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation increases treatment-related mortality in patients with multiple myeloma: results of a randomised study. Br J Haematol. 2005;130:588–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Donato ML, Aleman A, Champlin RE, Weber D, Alexanian R, Ippoliti CM, et al. High-dose topotecan, melphalan and cyclophosphamide (TMC) with stem cell support: a new regimen for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:755–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kazmi SM, Saliba RM, Donato M, Wang M, Hosing C, Qureshi S, et al. Phase II trial of high-dose topotecan, melphalan and CY with autologous stem cell support for multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2011;46:510–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Comenzo RL, Hassoun H, Kewalramani T, Klimek V, Dhodapkar M, Reich L, et al. Results of a phase I/II trial adding carmustine (300 mg/m2) to melphalan (200 mg/m2) in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Leukemia. 2006;20:345–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nieto Y, Valdez BC, Pingali SR, Bassett R, Delgado R, Nguyen J, et al. High-dose gemcitabine, busulfan, and melphalan for autologous stem-cell transplant in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma: a phase 2 trial and matched-pair comparison with melphalan. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4:e283–92.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Mark TM, Guarneri D, Forsberg P, Rossi A, Pearse R, Perry A, et al. A Phase I trial of high-dose lenalidomide and melphalan as conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017;23:930–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Patel P, Oh AL, Koshy M, Sweiss K, Saraf SL, Quigley JG, et al. A phase 1 trial of autologous stem cell transplantation conditioned with melphalan 200 mg/m(2) and total marrow irradiation (TMI) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2018;59:1666–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Costa LJ, Landau HJ, Chhabra S, Hari P, Innis-Shelton R, Godby KN, et al. Phase 1/2 trial of carfilzomib plus high-dose melphalan preparative regimen for salvage autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by maintenance carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018;24:1379–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Mark TM, Reid W, Niesvizky R, Gergis U, Pearse R, Mayer S, et al. A phase 1 study of bendamustine and melphalan conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013;19:831–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Bashir Q, Thall PF, Milton DR, Fox PS, Kawedia JD, Kebriaei P, et al. Conditioning with busulfan plus melphalan versus melphalan alone before autologous haemopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2019;6:E266–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Perrot A, Lauwers-Cances V, Corre J, Robillard N, Hulin C, Chretien ML, et al. Minimal residual disease negativity using deep sequencing is a major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2018;132:2456–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Lahuerta JJ, Paiva B, Vidriales MB, Cordon L, Cedena MT, Puig N, et al. Depth of response in multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis of three PETHEMA/GEM clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:2900–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Munshi NC, Avet-Loiseau H, Rawstron AC, Owen RG, Child JA, Thakurta A, et al. Association of minimal residual disease with superior survival outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:28–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Rawstron AC, Child JA, de Tute RM, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Bell SE, et al. Minimal residual disease assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: impact on outcome in the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:2540–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Gandhi V, Burger JA. Bendamustine in B-cell malignancies: the new 46-year-old kid on the block. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:7456–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Strumberg D, Harstrick A, Doll K, Hoffmann B, Seeber S. Bendamustine hydrochloride activity against doxorubicin-resistant human breast carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Drugs. 1996;7:415–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Leoni LM, Bailey B, Reifert J, Bendall HH, Zeller RW, Corbeil J, et al. Bendamustine (Treanda) displays a distinct pattern of cytotoxicity and unique mechanistic features compared with other alkylating agents. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:309–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Leoni LM, Hartley JA. Mechanism of action: the unique pattern of bendamustine-induced cytotoxicity. Semin Hematol. 2011;48(Suppl 1):S12–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Knop S, Straka C, Haen M, Schwedes R, Hebart H, Einsele H. The efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine in recurrent multiple myeloma after high-dose chemotherapy. Haematologica. 2005;90:1287–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ponisch W, Holzvogt B, Plotze M, Andrea M, Bourgeois M, Heyn S, et al. Bendamustine and prednisone in combination with bortezomib (BPV) in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed/untreated multiple myeloma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2014;140:1947–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fenk R, Michael M, Zohren F, Graef T, Czibere A, Bruns I, et al. Escalation therapy with bortezomib, dexamethasone and bendamustine for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;48:2345–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ludwig H, Kasparu H, Leitgeb C, Rauch E, Linkesch W, Zojer N, et al. Bendamustine-bortezomib-dexamethasone is an active and well-tolerated regimen in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2014;123:985–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Lentzsch S, O’Sullivan A, Kennedy RC, Abbas M, Dai L, Pregja SL, et al. Combination of bendamustine, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (BLD) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma is feasible and highly effective: results of phase 1/2 open-label, dose escalation study. Blood. 2012;119:4608–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Sivaraj D, Green MM, Kang Y, Long GD, Rizzieri DA, Li Z, et al. Bendamustine, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8:71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Gramatzki M, Günther A, Offidani M, Engelhardt M, Corradini P, Gentili S, et al. Carfilzomib in combination with bendamustine and dexamethasone (CBd) in relapsed and/or refractory patients with multiple myeloma: the phase I/II EMN09 Study. Blood. 2016;128:3334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Palumbo A, Avet-Loiseau H, Oliva S, Lokhorst HM, Goldschmidt H, Rosinol L, et al. Revised international staging system for multiple myeloma: a report from International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2863–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Rajkumar SV, Harousseau JL, Durie B, Anderson KC, Dimopoulos M, Kyle R, et al. Consensus recommendations for the uniform reporting of clinical trials: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 1. Blood. 2011;117:4691–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Lilleby K, Garcia P, Gooley T, McDonnnell P, Taber R, Holmberg L, et al. A prospective, randomized study of cryotherapy during administration of high-dose melphalan to decrease the severity and duration of oral mucositis in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006;37:1031–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. CIBMTR. Instructions for Post-Transplant Essential Data (Post-TED) Form 2012. https://www.cibmtr.org/DataManagement/TrainingReference/Manuals/DataManagement/Documents/post-ted-instruction.pd.

  44. Kumar S, Paiva B, Anderson KC, Durie B, Landgren O, Moreau P, et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:e328–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Simon R. Optimal two-stage designs for phase II clinical trials. Control Clin trials. 1989;10:1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Harousseau JL, Attal M, Avet-Loiseau H. The role of complete response in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2009;114:3139–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Storch E, Mark T, Avecilla S, Pagan C, Rhodes J, Shore T, et al. A novel hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and collection algorithm based on preemptive CD34 enumeration. Transfusion. 2015;55:2010–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Rosinol L, Oriol A, Teruel AI, Hernandez D, Lopez-Jimenez J, de la Rubia J, et al. Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA/GEM study. Blood. 2012;120:1589–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kumar SK, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, Buadi FK, Hayman SR, Dingli D, et al. Early versus delayed autologous transplantation after immunomodulatory agents-based induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Cancer. 2012;118:1585–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Dunavin NC, Wei L, Elder P, Phillips GS, Benson DM Jr., Hofmeister CC, et al. Early versus delayed autologous stem cell transplant in patients receiving novel therapies for multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013;54:1658–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Dimopoulos MA, Oriol A, Nahi H, San-Miguel J, Bahlis NJ, Usmani SZ, et al. Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1319–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Bahlis N, Dimopoulos MA, White DJ, Benboubker L, Cook G, Leiba M, et al. Three-year follow up of the phase 3 pollux study of daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (d-rd) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (rd) alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Blood. 2018;132(Suppl 1):1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Palumbo A, Chanan-Khan A, Weisel K, Nooka AK, Masszi T, Beksac M, et al. Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:754–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Spencer A, Lentzsch S, Weisel K, Avet-Loiseau H, Mark TM, Spicka I, et al. Daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: updated analysis of CASTOR. Haematologica. 2018;103:2079–97.

  55. Chari A, Suvannasankha A, Fay JW, Arnulf B, Kaufman JL, Ifthikharuddin JJ, et al. Daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2017;130:974–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Stewart AK, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Masszi T, Spicka I, Oriol A, et al. Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:142–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Siegel DS, Dimopoulos MA, Ludwig H, Facon T, Goldschmidt H, Jakubowiak A, et al. Improvement in overall survival with carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:728–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dimopoulos MA, Moreau P, Palumbo A, Joshua D, Pour L, Hájek R, et al. Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:27–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Dimopoulos MA, Goldschmidt H, Niesvizky R, Joshua D, Chng WJ, Oriol A, et al. Carfilzomib or bortezomib in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): an interim overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1327–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Lonial S, Dimopoulos M, Palumbo A, White D, Grosicki S, Spicka I, et al. Elotuzumab therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:621–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Dimopoulos MA, Lonial S, Betts KA, Chen C, Zichlin ML, Brun A, et al. Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Extended 4-year follow-up and analysis of relative progression-free survival from the randomized ELOQUENT-2 trial. Cancer. 2018;124:4032–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Dimopoulos MA, Dytfeld D, Grosicki S, Moreau P, Takezako N, Hori M, et al. Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1811–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Cavo M, Hájek R, Pantani L, Beksac M, Oliva S, Dozza L, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation versus bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: second interim analysis of the phase 3 EMN02/HO95 study. Blood. 2017;130(Suppl 1):397.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ponisch W, Mitrou PS, Merkle K, Herold M, Assmann M, Wilhelm G, et al. Treatment of bendamustine and prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma results in superior complete response rate, prolonged time to treatment failure and improved quality of life compared to treatment with melphalan and prednisone--a randomized phase III study of the East German Study Group of Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). J cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2006;132:205–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

PC was partially supported by the following grant: Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medical College (1-UL1-TR002384–01).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Alexandra Gomez-Arteaga, Danielle Guarneri, Usama Gergis, June D. Greenberg, Jingmei Hsu, Sebastian A. Mayer, Ruben Niesvizky, Roger N. Pearse, Adrienne A. Phillips, Adriana Rossi, Morton Coleman, Koen van Besien & Tsiporah B. Shore

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus, New York, NY, USA

    Tomer M. Mark

  3. Department of Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Paul J. Christos

Authors
  1. Alexandra Gomez-Arteaga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tomer M. Mark
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Danielle Guarneri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paul J. Christos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Usama Gergis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. June D. Greenberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jingmei Hsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Sebastian A. Mayer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Ruben Niesvizky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Roger N. Pearse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Adrienne A. Phillips
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Adriana Rossi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Morton Coleman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Koen van Besien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Tsiporah B. Shore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandra Gomez-Arteaga.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gomez-Arteaga, A., Mark, T.M., Guarneri, D. et al. High-dose bendamustine and melphalan conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 54, 2027–2038 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-019-0587-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-019-0587-0

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links