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Increased expression of IFI16 predicts adverse prognosis in multiple myeloma

The Pharmacogenomics Journal volume 21, pages 520–532 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells and does not have sufficient prognostic indicators. Interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) plays a crucial role in B-cell differentiation. Several studies have shown that IFI16 predicted prognosis in many cancers. However, the relationship between MM prognosis and IFI16 expression has not been studied. In our study, we analyzed the prognostic role of IFI16 expression and explored the possible mechanism in MM progression by using 4498 myeloma patients and 52 healthy donors from 13 independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. The IFI16 expression increased with myeloma progression, ISS stage, 1q21 amplification, and relapse (all P < 0.01). MM patients with higher IFI16 expression had shorter survival in six datasets (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that enhanced IFI16 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for EFS and OS (P = 0.007, 0.009, respectively). And PPI, GO, KEGG, and GSEA also confirmed that IFI16 promoted MM progression by participating in tumor-related pathways. In conclusion, our study confirmed that IFI16 was a poor prognostic biomarker in MM.

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Fig. 1: The expression level of IFI16 in several GEO datasets of normal and myeloma patients in different stages.
Fig. 2: The expression of IFI16 in different relapse status, amplification levels of 1q21, and different ISS stages of MM patients.
Fig. 3: Survival analysis of IFI16high and IFI16low groups.
Fig. 4: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the correlation analysis, and PPI results of DEGs.
Fig. 5: The results of GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis.
Fig. 6: Enrichment plots from GSEA.

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Acknowledgements

LF, CZS and CD designed the outline. WHH, TTQ, ZHZ  drafted the manuscript. WHH and CZS designed the figures and tables. WHH, ZYH, YL and LZC helped revise the manuscript. PZ, QFZ and TSZ offered professional suggestions to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Xinjiang Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1903117), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81500118), and Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (project no. A2019472).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Wenhui Huang, Tingting Qian

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Wenhui Huang, Tingting Qian, Zeyong Huang, Pei Zhu, Qingfu Zhong, Tiansheng Zeng & Lin Fu

  2. Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Wenhui Huang, Tingting Qian, Zeyong Huang, Pei Zhu, Qingfu Zhong, Tiansheng Zeng & Lin Fu

  3. Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumor Microenvironment, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Wenhui Huang, Tingting Qian, Zeyong Huang, Pei Zhu, Qingfu Zhong, Tiansheng Zeng & Lin Fu

  4. Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China

    Yan Liu, Longzhen Cui & Lin Fu

  5. Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China

    Yan Liu, Longzhen Cui & Lin Fu

  6. Information Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

    Chaozeng Si

  7. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Cong Deng

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Correspondence to Lin Fu, Chaozeng Si or Cong Deng.

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Huang, W., Qian, T., Huang, Z. et al. Increased expression of IFI16 predicts adverse prognosis in multiple myeloma. Pharmacogenomics J 21, 520–532 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41397-021-00230-y

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