Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Pediatric measure of participation short forms version 2.0: development and evaluation

Spinal Cord volume 59, pages 1146–1154 (2021)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Design

Mixed methods cohort study.

Objectives

To develop and assess psychometric properties of the pediatric measure of participation (PMoP) short forms (SF) version 2.0.

Setting

Secondary analyses of data collected from 381 children with spinal cord injury (SCI) of at least 3-month duration living in the community, and 322 parents of children with SCI at three pediatric orthopedic hospitals in the United States.

Methods

Mixed methods iterative process to customize SF based on, highly relevant items, age and school analysis of item distributions; ceiling and floor effects; internal consistency and group-level reliability; correlation of SF scores with scores derived from the total item bank; and assessment of the degree to which item difficulty matched the abilities of children in the sample.

Results

PMoP SF V2.0 mean T scores ranged from 47.59 to 51.23. Overall, mean scores were somewhat higher for older children and parent respondents. Group-level reliability values ranged from 0.66 to 0.79; Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.79 to 0.90; ICC values ranged from 0.89 to 0.95. Pearson Correlations ranged from 0.80 to 0.95, showing good to strong correlation between scores from the SFs and total item bank for each domain. Test information function demonstrated that score estimates will be less precise at higher ends of the scale.

Conclusions

PMoP SFs V2.0 contain items relevant to participation among children with SCI, and are tailored for four age groups and school status. They are recommended for use when computer adaptive testing (CAT) is not possible.

Your institute does not have access to this article

Access options

Buy article

Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.

$32.00

Buy

All prices are NET prices.

Fig. 1: Process used to develop PMoP SFs V2.0.
Fig. 2: Test information function for child-reported short forms.
Fig. 3: Test information function for parent-reported short forms.

Data availability

The data sets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Mulcahey MJ, DiGiovanni N, Calhoun C, Homko E, Riley A, Haley S. Children’s and parents’ perspectives of activity performance and participation following spinal cord injury. Am J Occup Ther. 2010;64:605–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Calhoun CL, Haley SM, Riley A, Vogel LC, McDonald CM, Mulcahey MJ. Development of items designed to evaluate activity performance and participation in children and adolescents with spinal cord injury. Int J Pediatr. 2009;2009:854904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mulcahey MJ, Calhoun C, Tian F, Ni P, Vogel L, Haley S. Evaluation of newly developed item banks for child reported outcomes of participation following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:915–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bent L, Mulcahey MJ, Kelly E, Calhoun C, Tian F, Pensheng N, et al. Child- and parent- report computer-adaptive tests for assessing daily routines among youth with spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2013;19:104–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ni P, Mulcahey MJ, Slavin M, Thielen C, Sadowsky C, Davidson L, et al. Tracking spinal cord injury functional outcomes across the life-span: validation of linking coefficients. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2019;100:1924–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wainer H, Dorans NJ. Computerized adaptive testing: a primer. 2nd ed. Xxiii. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2000.

  7. Lollar DJ, Simeonsson RJ, Nanda U. Measures of outcomes for children and youth. Tools Disabil Outcomes Res. 2000;81:S46–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mulcahey MJ, Slavin MD, Ni P, Vogel LC, Calhoun Thielen CL, Coster WJ, et al. The pediatric measure of participation (PMoP) short forms. Spinal Cord. 2016;54:1183–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Raju NS, Price LR, Oshima TC, Nering ML. Standardized conditional SEM: a case for conditional reliability. Appl Psychol Meas. 2007;31:169–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hand B, Velozo C, Krause J. Rasch measurement properties of the Pain Medication Questionnaire in persons with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2017;55:1117–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Streiner DL, Normal GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hattie J. Methodology review: assessing unidemensionality of tests and items. Appl Psychol Meas. 1985;9:1139–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. McHorney CA, Tarlov AR. Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? Qual Life Res. 1995;4:293.e307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, Van der Windt D, Dl Knol, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:34–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Haley SM, Ni P, Jette AM. Replenishing a computerized adaptive test of patient-reported daily activity functioning. Qual Life Res. 2009;18:461–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. King G, Petrenchik T, Law M, Hurley P. The enjoyment of formal and informal recreation and leisure activities: a comparison of school‐aged children with and without physical disabilities, international journal of disability. Dev Educ. 2009;56:109–30.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Anaby D, Hand C, Bradley L, DiRezze B, Forhan M, DiGiacomo A, et al. The effect of the environment on participation of children and youth with disabilities: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35:1589–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cogan AM, Carlson M. Deciphering participation: an interpretive synthesis of its meaning and application in rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil. 2018;40:2692–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Erhart M, Ellert U, Kurth BM, Ravens-Sieberer U. Measuring adolescents’ HRQoL via self reports and parent proxy reports: an evaluation of the psychometric properties of both versions of the KINDL-R instrument. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;26:77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Vetter TR, Bridgewater CL, McGwin G Jr. An observational study of patient versus parental perceptions of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with a chronic pain condition: who should the clinician believe? Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;23:85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lim Y, Velozo C, Bendixen RM. The level of agreement between child self-reports and parent proxy-reports of health-related quality of life in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Qual Life Res. 2015;24:1921–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Adair B, Ullenhag A, Keen D, Granlund M, Imms C. The effect of interventions aimed at improving participation outcomes for children with disabilities: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57:1093–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The study was funded by the Shriners Hospitals for Children Research Grant 79142 (MJM, PI), Craig H. Neilsen Foundation Grant 282592 (MJM, PI) and Boston ROC Grant 5R24HD065688-05 (AMJ, PI).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Outcomes and Measurement, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    M. J. Mulcahey & Christina C. Thielen

  2. Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Mary D. Slavin

  3. Biostatistics & Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Pengsheng Ni

  4. MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA

    Alan M. Jette

Authors
  1. M. J. Mulcahey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christina C. Thielen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mary D. Slavin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pengsheng Ni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Alan M. Jette
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MJM conceptualized the studies that developed and validated the PMoP and that developed and field-tested the original PMoP SFs. She conducted the review of the calibration study data, and selected and iteratively tested item candidates for the PMoP SFs V2.0. She developed the PMoP SFs V2.0. She wrote the initial draft of the paper and integrated co-authors’ feedback and recommendations into the final copy. CCT conducted the field-testing of the original PMoP SFs, assisted with the analysis of the data, review of calibration study data, and iterative selection and testing PMoP SFs V2.0 items. She assisted with writing the paper. MDS assisted with the review of the calibration study data and iterative selection and testing of the PMoP SFs V2.0 items. She assisted with the analysis of the study data and assisted with writing the paper. PN performed the analysis of the data sets used in this study, and performed the iterative analysis of the PMoP SFs V2.0 simulated psychometric properties. He assisted with writing the paper. AMJ conceptualized the study that field-tested the original PMoP, and assisted with the development of the PMoP SFs. He provided critical iterative review during the paper development.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. J. Mulcahey.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during the course of this research.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mulcahey, M.J., Thielen, C.C., Slavin, M.D. et al. Pediatric measure of participation short forms version 2.0: development and evaluation. Spinal Cord 59, 1146–1154 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00625-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00625-5

Search

Advanced search

Quick links