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Acute effect of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on serum myokine levels and resulting tumour-suppressive effect in trained patients with advanced prostate cancer

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2022)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Purpose

Although skeletal muscle releases cytokines called myokines during exercise, the kinetics of the acute myokine response to exercise (exercise-induced circulatory myokine level alteration) is unknown in patients with advanced prostate cancer. We measured myokine levels in serum obtained from patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) before and after exercise and assessed the growth-suppressive effect of the serum by applying it to a PCa cell line.

Methods

Nine patients with mCRPC (age = 67.8 ± 10.1 years, time since mCRPC diagnosis 36.2 ± 22.5 months) undertook 34 min of a high-intensity interval exercise session on a cycle ergometer. Blood was collected immediately pre, post and 30 min post. Serum levels of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-15 (IL-15), decorin, irisin, and IGF-1 were determined. Growth of the androgen-independent PCa cell line DU-145 exposed to serum collected at three points was measured.

Results

There was a significant elevation of SPARC (19.9%, P = 0.048), OSM (11.5%, P = 0.001), IL-6 (10.2%, P = 0.02) and IL-15 (7.8%, P = 0.023) in serum collected immediately after exercise compared to baseline, returning to baseline after 30 min rest. A significant reduction in DU-145 Cell growth and the Cell Index area under the curve at 72 h incubation was observed with the presence of serum obtained immediately post-exercise (Cell Index at 72 h: 16.9%, P < 0.001; area under the curve: 15.2%, P < 0.001) and with the presence of serum obtained 30 min post-exercise compared to baseline (Cell Index at 72 h: 6.5%; area under the curve: 8.8%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence for an acute exercise-induced myokine response and tumour growth suppression in serum after a bout of high-intensity interval exercise in patients with advanced PCa.

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Fig. 1: Exercise and blood sample timing.
Fig. 2: Exercise intensity changes during high-intensity interval aerobic exercise.
Fig. 3: Serum myokine levels.
Fig. 4: Real-time cell growth analysis.

Data availability

The data are available for bona fide researchers who request it from the authors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Harry Perkins Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia, for providing prostate cancer cell line DU145.

Funding

This work was funded by the Movember Foundation. National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence (NHMRC-CRE; APP1116334) funded the additional materials involving serum analysis and cell work through Centre for Research Excellence in Prostate Cancer Survivorship. J-SK is supported by the NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Prostate Cancer Survivorship Scholarship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia

    Jin-Soo Kim, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Timothy D. Clay, Nicolas H. Hart & Robert U. Newton

  2. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia

    Jin-Soo Kim, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Timothy D. Clay, Nicolas H. Hart, Elin S. Gray & Robert U. Newton

  3. Department of Oncology, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia

    Timothy D. Clay

  4. Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia

    Andrew D. Redfern

  5. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

    Andrew D. Redfern

  6. School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia

    Nicolas H. Hart

  7. Centre of Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia

    Elin S. Gray

  8. Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Charles J. Ryan

  9. Departments of Urology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Stacey A. Kenfield

  10. Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Fred Saad

  11. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Robert U. Newton

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Contributions

J-SK and RU Newton had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. J-SK, RUN, DRT and DAG conceptualised the study. J-SK and RUN designed the study. RUN, J-SK, DAG and NHH collected the clinical information, body composition and fasting blood samples. NHH and SAK supervised and directed the overall study’s implementation, data collection, and data monitoring. J-SK analysed the data. J-SK and RUN were responsible for the drafting of the paper. RUN, DRT, DAG, TDC, ADR, EG, CJC, SAK and FS provided administrative, technical, intellectual and material support. J-SK, RUN, DRT, DAG, TC, ADR, NHH, ESG, CJR, SAK and FS reviewed and edited the paper prior to submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert U. Newton.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests. Sponsors had no role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; the writing of the paper; and the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Edith Cowan University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 13236 NEWTON). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study prior to inclusion.

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Kim, JS., Taaffe, D.R., Galvão, D.A. et al. Acute effect of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on serum myokine levels and resulting tumour-suppressive effect in trained patients with advanced prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-022-00624-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-022-00624-4

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