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Testosterone therapy does not increase the risks of prostate cancer recurrence or death after definitive treatment for localized disease

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases volume 23, pages 689–695 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Background

The safety of testosterone therapy (TT) after definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer remains undefined. We analyzed the risks of biochemical recurrence and mortality in men receiving TT after treatment for localized prostate cancer.

Methods

Cohort analysis using the national US Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. We identified 69,984 patients with localized prostate cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2015 treated with surgery or radiation. We coded receipt of TT after treatment as a time-dependent covariate; used the National Death Index to identify cause of death; and defined biochemical recurrence as PSA > 0.2 ng/mL after surgery and nadir + 2 ng/mL after radiation. We analyzed recurrence and mortality using cumulative incidence curves, Fine–Gray competing risk regression, and Cox regression.

Results

This cohort included 28,651 surgery patients and 41,333 radiation patients, of whom 469 (1.64%) and 543 (1.31%), respectively, received TT with a median follow-up of 6.95 years. Comparing testosterone users to nonusers, there were no between-group differences in biochemical recurrence, prostate cancer-specific mortality, or overall mortality after surgery [hazard ratios (HR): 1.07; HR: 0.72 (p = 0.43); and HR: 1.11 (p = 0.43), respectively] or radiation [HR: 1.07; HR: 1.02 (p = 0.95); and HR: 1.02 (p = 0.86), respectively]. Limitations included lack of detailed data on TT duration and serum testosterone concentrations.

Conclusions

In this multi-ethnic national cohort, TT did not increase the risks of biochemical recurrence or prostate cancer-specific or overall mortality after surgery or radiation. These data suggest that TT is safe in appropriate men after definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Number TL1TR001443 to RRS).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Reith R. Sarkar, Sunil H. Patel

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Reith R. Sarkar, Rishi Deka, Abhishek Kumar, John P. Einck, Arno J. Mundt, Paul Riviere, James D. Murphy & Brent S. Rose

  2. Veteran Affairs Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA

    Reith R. Sarkar, Sunil H. Patel, Abhishek Kumar, Paul Riviere, James D. Murphy & Brent S. Rose

  3. Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Sunil H. Patel, J. Kellogg Parsons, A. Karim Kader, Christopher J. Kane & Brent S. Rose

  4. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Rana McKay

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Correspondence to J. Kellogg Parsons.

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Sarkar, R.R., Patel, S.H., Parsons, J.K. et al. Testosterone therapy does not increase the risks of prostate cancer recurrence or death after definitive treatment for localized disease. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 23, 689–695 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0241-3

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