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Fructose and prostate cancer: toward an integrated view of cancer cell metabolism

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases volume 22, pages 49–58 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

Activation of glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) gene expression is a molecular feature of cancer cells that increases glucose uptake and metabolism. Increased glucose uptake is the basis for the clinical localization of primary tumors using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) as a radiotracer. However, previous studies have demonstrated that a considerable number of cancers, which include prostate cancer (CaP), express low to undetectable levels of Glut-1 and that FDG-PET has limited clinical applicability in CaP. This observation could be explained by a low metabolic activity of CaP cells that may be overcome using different hexoses, such as fructose, as the preferred energy source. However, these hypotheses have not been examined critically in CaP. This review article summarizes what is currently known about transport and metabolism of hexoses, and more specifically fructose, in CaP and provides experimental evidences indicating that CaP cells may have increased capacity to transport and metabolize fructose in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this review highlights recent findings that allow better understanding of how metabolism of fructose may regulate cancer cell proliferation and how fructose uptake and metabolism, through the de novo lipogenesis pathway, may provide new opportunities for CaP early diagnosis, staging, and treatment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. James L. Mohler’s critical review and editing. This review article was supported by the Department of Defense (W81XWH-12-1-0341) and FONDECYT (1161115) grants to AG, Basal Center of Excellence in Aging and Regeneration (CONICYT-PFB 12/2007) and FONDECYT (1160724) grants to NI, FONDECYT (11140255) and Interno Regular UNAB (DI-37-17/RG) grants to PS, FONDECYT (11160651) grant to PC, FONDECYT Post-Doctoral Fellowship (3160717) to DC, and CONICYT PhD Fellowship to VTE (22140138) and NCA (21171084).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Daniela Carreño, Néstor Corro.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Daniela Carreño, Néstor Corro, Verónica Torres-Estay, Loreto P. Véliz & Alejandro S. Godoy

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

    Rodrigo Jaimovich

  3. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Department of Cell Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Pedro Cisternas & Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

  4. Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Ignacio F. San Francisco

  5. Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

    Paula C. Sotomayor

  6. Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA

    Marina Tanasova

  7. Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA

    Alejandro S. Godoy

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Correspondence to Alejandro S. Godoy.

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Carreño, D., Corro, N., Torres-Estay, V. et al. Fructose and prostate cancer: toward an integrated view of cancer cell metabolism. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, 49–58 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0072-7

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