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Metabolic syndrome and smoking are associated with an increased risk of nocturia in male patients with benign prostatic enlargement

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases volume 21, pages 287–292 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

Background

To evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nocturia in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).

Methods

From 2009 onward, a consecutive series of patients with LUTS/BPE were enrolled. Symptoms were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Age, body mass index (BMI), smoker status, prostate volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, fasting glucose levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein levels were recorded. MetS was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Moderate/severe nocturia was defined as nocturnal micturition episodes ≥2.

Results

Overall 492 patients were enrolled with median age and BMI of 68 years (IQR 61/74) and 26.5 kg/m2 (IQR: 24/29), respectively. Moderate/severe nocturia was reported in 212 (43.1%) patients. MetS was diagnosed in 147 (29.9%) patients and out of them 89 (60.5%) complained moderate/severe nocturia (p = 0.001). Overall 187 (38%) patients were current smokers and out of them 99 (52%) presented moderate/severe nocturia(p = 0.034). Patients with moderate/severe nocturia were older (p = 0.001) and with larger prostate volume (p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, age (OR: 1.067 per year, 95% CI: 1.036–1.098; p = 0.001), PV (OR: 1.011 per ml, 95% CI: 1.003–1.019; p = 0.006), MetS (OR: 2.509, 95% CI: 1.571–4.007; p = 0.001) and smoking (OR: 1.690, 95% CI: 1.061–2.693; p = 0.027) were associated with nocturia severity.

Conclusions

MetS and smoking doubled the risk of moderate/severe nocturia in patients with LUTS and BPE. Assessing smoking and metabolic status in LUTS/ BPE patients is suggested.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy

    Cosimo De Nunzio, Aldo Brassetti, Flavia Proietti, Marianna Deroma & Francesco Esperto

  2. Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy

    Andrea Tubaro

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  1. Cosimo De Nunzio
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Correspondence to Cosimo De Nunzio.

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De Nunzio, C., Brassetti, A., Proietti, F. et al. Metabolic syndrome and smoking are associated with an increased risk of nocturia in male patients with benign prostatic enlargement. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 21, 287–292 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-017-0003-z

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