This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 14 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $18.50 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Data availability
All data used in this paper is already publicly available from referenced sources.
References
Whitney, C. G., Zhou, F., Singleton, J. & Schuchat, A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Benefits from immunization during the vaccines for children program era - United States, 1994-2013. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 63, 352–355 (2014).
Talbird, S. E. et al. Impact of Routine Childhood Immunization in Reducing Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States. Pediatrics 150, e2021056013 (2022).
Shah, S. Immunization Issues in Preterm Infants: Pertussis, Influenza, and Rotavirus. Neoreviews 15, e439–e448 (2014).
Zhou, F. et al. Economic Evaluation of the Routine Childhood Immunization Program in the United, States, 2009. Pediatrics 133, 1–9 (2014).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ten great public health achievements—United States, 2001-2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 60, 619–623 (2011).
Pilishvili, T. et al. Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 201, 32–41 (2010).
Tate, J. E., Cortese, M. M. & Payne, D. C. Uptake, impact, and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in the United States: review of the first 3 years of postlicensure data. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30, S56-60 (2011).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). COVID Data Tracker. Available at: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccine-effectiveness. Accessed 12 December 23.
Schrag, S. J. et al. Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended COVID-19 in Pregnancy During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance in the United States. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2233273, (2022).
Prasad, S. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. Nat. Commun. 13, 2414 (2022).
Rand, C. M. & Olson-Chen, C. Maternal Vaccination and Vaccine Hesitancy. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 70, 259–269 (2023).
Halasa, N. B. et al. Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy Against COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization in Infants Aged <6 Months — 17 States, July 2021–January 2022. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 71, 264–270 (2022).
Werchan D. et al. Effects of Prenatal Psychosocial Stress and COVID-19 Infection on Infant Attention and Socioemotional Development. Pediatr Res. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02807-8 (2023). (In this issue).
Albrecht, D. Vaccination, politics and COVID-19 impacts. BMC Public Health 22, 96 (2022).
Allcott, H. et al. Polarization and public health: Partisan differences in social distancing during the coronavirus pandemic. J. Public Econ. 191, 104254 (2020).
Bolsen, T. & Palm, R. Politicization and COVID-19 vaccine resistance in the U.S. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 188, 81–100 (2022).
Sallam, M. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates. Vaccines 9, 160 (2021).
Ward M. 1 Million Deaths Was a Choice. Politico. 5/10/2022. Available at: https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-nightly/2022/05/10/1-million-deaths-was-a-choice-00031545. Accessed 15 December 23.
Lazarus, J. V. et al. Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021. Nat. Commun. 13, 3801 (2022).
Wallace, J., Goldsmith-Pinkham, P. & Schwartz, J. L. Excess Death Rates for Republican and Democratic Registered Voters in Florida and Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Intern. Med. 183, 916–923 (2023).
Maxmen, A. How Lawmakers in Texas and Florida undermine Covid Vaccination Efforts. NBC News, November 7, 2023. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/lawmakers-texas-florida-undermine-covid-vaccination-efforts-rcna123866. Accessed 12 December 23.
Texas Health and Human Services. COVID-19 Rider 40. Available at: https://www.dshs.texas.gov/immunization-unit/legislative-reports-immunizations-unit/covid-19-rider-40. Accessed 12 December 23.
Relating to prohibiting a private employer from adopting or enforcing certain COVID-19 vaccine mandates; authorizing an administrative penalty. 11-10-23. Texas Senate Bill 7. 88th Legislature 3rd Session. Available at https://legiscan.com/TX/text/SB7/id/2847887. Accessed 17 December 23.
Mello, M. M. et al. Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA. Lancet 400, 535–538 (2022).
Abraham, C., Garabedian, L. F., LeCates, R. F. & Galbraith, A. A. Vaccine Mandates and Influenza Vaccination During the Pandemic. Pediatrics 152, e2023061545 (2023).
Colgrove, J. & Lowin, A. A Tale of Two States; Mississippi, West Virginia, And Exemptions to Compulsory School Vaccination Laws. Health Aff. 35, 348–355 (2016).
Kuznetsova, L., Cortassa, G. & Trilla, A. Effectiveness of Mandatory and Incentive-Based Routine Childhood Immunization Programs in Europe: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Vaccines 9, 1173 (2021).
Greyson, D., Vriesema-Magnuson, C. & Bettinger, J. A. Impact of school vaccination mandates on pediatric vaccination coverage: a systematic review. CMAJ Open 7, E524–E536 (2019).
Bednarczyk, R. A., King, A. R., Lahijani, A. & Omer, S. B. Current landscape of nonmedical vaccination exemptions in the United States: impact of policy changes. Expert Rev. Vaccines 18, 175–190 (2019).
Wang, E., Clymer, J., Davis-Hayes, C. & Buttenheim, A. Nonmedical exemptions from school immunization requirements: a systematic review. Am. J. Public Health 104, e62–84 (2014).
Blank, N. R., Caplan, A. L. & Constable, C. Exempting schoolchildren from immunizations: states with few barriers had highest rates of nonmedical exemptions. Health Aff. 32, 1282–90 (2013).
Larson, H. J., Gakidou, E. & Murray, C. J. L. The Vaccine-Hesitant Moment. N. Engl. J. Med. 387, 58–65 (2022).
World Health Organization. Ten Threats to global health in 2019. Vaccine Hesitancy. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019#:~:text=Vaccine%20hesitancy%20%E2%80%93%20the%20reluctance%20or,in%20tackling%20vaccine%2Dpreventable%20diseases. Accessed 12 December 23.
United Nations Children’s Fund. The State of the World’s Children, 2023: For Every Child, Vaccination. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-worlds-children-2023. Accessed 19 November 23.
UNICEF. Measles cases in Europe and Central Asia Skyrocket by 3000 percent this year compared to last. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/measles-cases-europe-and-central-asia-skyrocket-3000-cent-year-compared-last. Accessed 18 December 23.
World Health Organization. Immunization Analysis and Insights. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/immunization-analysis-and-insights/surveillance/monitoring/provisional-monthly-measles-and-rubella-data. Accessed 18 December 23.
Higgins, D. M., Moss, A., Blackwell, S. & O’Leary, S. T. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Parental Attitudes Toward Routine Childhood Vaccines. Pediatrics 152, e2023062927 (2023).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SchoolVax View. Vaccination Coverage and Exemptions among Kindergartners. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/schoolvaxview/data-reports/index.html. Accessed 17 December 23.
Seither, R. et al. Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption from School Vaccine Requirements Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2022–23 School Year. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 72, 1217–1224 (2023).
Schrier K. HR 2862. Vaccine Awareness Campaign to Champion Immunization Nationally and Enhance Safety Act of 2019 or the VACCINES Act of 2019. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2862. Accessed 12 November 23.
Schrier K. HR 2347. Strengthening the Vaccines for Children Program Act of 2021. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2347. Accessed 12 November 23.
Congressional Budget Office. Cost Estimate. HR 2347, Strengthening the Vaccines for Children Program Act of 2021. Available at: https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2022-02/hr2347.pdf. Accessed 13 November 23.
National Vaccine Advisory Committee. Protecting the public’s health: critical functions of the Section 317 Immunization Program-a report of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee. Public Health Rep. 128, 78–95 (2013).
Jarris, P. & Dolen, V. Section 317 immunization program: protecting a national asset. Public Health Rep. 128, 96–8 (2013).
317 Coalition. Removing Barriers to Immunization. President’s Budget Request: Fiscal Year 2024. Available at: https://www.317coalition.org/president-s-budget-request. Accesssed 17 December 23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Consortia
Contributions
SS wrote the manuscript and aggregated the data in this paper. HLB reviewed the paper and made critical revisions to the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shah, S., Brumberg, H.L. & On behalf of the Pediatric Public Policy Council. Advocate to vaccinate: moving away from the “politics” of vaccination. Pediatr Res 95, 1168–1171 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-024-03043-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-024-03043-4