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Effects of prenatal psychosocial stress and COVID-19 infection on infant attention and socioemotional development

Pediatric Research volume 95, pages 1279–1287 (2024)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically altered the psychosocial environment of pregnant women and new mothers. In addition, prenatal infection is a known risk factor for altered fetal development. Here we examine joint effects of maternal psychosocial stress and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on infant attention at 6 months postpartum.

Method

One-hundred and sixty-seven pregnant mothers and infants (40% non-White; n = 71 females) were recruited in New York City (n = 50 COVID+, n = 117 COVID–). Infants’ attentional processing was assessed at 6 months, and socioemotional function and neurodevelopmental risk were evaluated at 12 months.

Results

Maternal psychosocial stress and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy jointly predicted infant attention at 6 months. In mothers reporting positive COVID-19 infection, higher prenatal psychosocial stress was associated with lower infant attention at 6 months. Exploratory analyses indicated that infant attention in turn predicted socioemotional function and neurodevelopmental risk at 12 months.

Conclusions

These data suggest that maternal psychosocial stress and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy may have joint effects on infant attention at 6 months. This work adds to a growing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant development, and may point to maternal psychosocial stress as an important target for intervention.

Impact

  • This study found that elevated maternal psychosocial stress and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy jointly predicted lower infant attention scores at 6 months, which is a known marker of risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. In turn, infant attention predicted socioemotional function and risk for neurodevelopmental disorder at 12 months. These data suggest that maternal psychosocial stress may modulate the effects of gestational infection on neurodevelopment and highlight malleable targets for intervention.

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Fig. 1: Study sociodemographic characteristics.
Fig. 2: Prenatal psychosocial stress.
Fig. 3: Infant attention outcomes.
Fig. 4: Associations between infant attention and socioemotional development.

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Data availability

The data analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was funded by NIH R01MH125870 and the NYU COVID Catalyst grant (to N.H.B.), NIH R01MH126468 (to M.E.T.), and by a NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain and Behavior Foundation (to D.M.W.).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Moriah E. Thomason, Natalie H. Brito.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA

    Denise M. Werchan, Cassandra L. Hendrix & Moriah E. Thomason

  2. Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Amy M. Hume, Margaret Zhang & Natalie H. Brito

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  1. Denise M. Werchan
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Contributions

D.M.W., C.L.H., M.E.T. and N.H.B. conceptualized the study questions. D.M.W. analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with input from C.L.H., N.H.B. and M.E.T. A.M.H. and M.Z. collected and coded data. D.M.W., C.L.H. and M.E.T. revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Denise M. Werchan.

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The Institutional Review Board at NYU Langone Health approved all study protocols, and informed written consent was obtained electronically prior to testing. Each participant provided informed consent prior to participation.

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Werchan, D.M., Hendrix, C.L., Hume, A.M. et al. Effects of prenatal psychosocial stress and COVID-19 infection on infant attention and socioemotional development. Pediatr Res 95, 1279–1287 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02807-8

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