Correction to: Pediatric Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01700-6, published online 16 August 2021

The captions of Figs. 1 and 2 were inadvertently reversed in this article. The name of first author given in reference 10 has been changed from Long, L to Li, L. The original article has been corrected.

Fig. 1: 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) for Texas counties.
figure 1

Lower scores (darker colors) indicate a greater degree of urbanization. In dichotomous analyses of urban vs. rural residence, urban counties were defined as those with RUCC ≤3 and rural counties were defined as those with RUCC ≥ 4.

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Fig. 2: Associations between urban–rural residence and birth defects.
figure 2

Birth defects associated with urban–rural residence at p < 3.55 × 10−4 in discovery (upper panel; n = 18) were retested in replication (Fig. 2, lower panel). Those associated with urban–rural residence in replication at p < 0.05 were declared significant (n = 13).

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