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Effects of iron modulation on mesenchymal stem cell-induced drug resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

Oncogene volume 41, pages 3705–3718 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, the most common subtype, remain at risk for lethal metastatic disease years after diagnosis. Recurrence arises partly because tumor cells in bone marrow become resistant to estrogen-targeted therapy. Here, we utilized a co-culture model of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and ER+ breast cancer cells to recapitulate interactions of cancer cells in bone marrow niches. ER+ breast cancer cells in direct contact with MSCs acquire cancer stem-like (CSC) phenotypes with increased resistance to standard antiestrogenic drugs. We confirmed that co-culture with MSCs increased labile iron in breast cancer cells, a phenotype associated with CSCs and disease progression. Clinically approved iron chelators and in-house lysosomal iron-targeting compounds restored sensitivity to antiestrogenic therapy. These findings establish iron modulation as a mechanism to reverse MSC-induced drug resistance and suggest iron modulation in combination with estrogen-targeted therapy as a promising, translatable strategy to treat ER+ breast cancer.

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Fig. 1: ER+ breast cancer cells co-cultured with MSCs exhibit increased metastases, growth, and mesenchymal morphologies.
Fig. 2: ER+ breast cancer cells co-cultured with MSCs acquire resistance to estrogen-targeted therapies.
Fig. 3: Co-culture with MSCs increases CSC phenotypes in ER+ breast cancer cells.
Fig. 4: RNA Sequencing of cancer cells in monoculture versus co-culture with MSCs reveals an increase in EMT, metal, and redox genes and pathways.
Fig. 5: Co-culture with MSCs increases labile iron in ER+ breast cancer cells.
Fig. 6: Levels of iron-associated proteins FTH1 decrease and LCN2 and CD44 increase in cancer cells in co-culture with MSCs.
Fig. 7: Iron chelators and ironomycin compounds sensitize ER+ breast cancer cells to fulvestrant.
Fig. 8: DFO and AM23 treatment in combination with fulvestrant does not enrich for CSCs.

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Data availability

RNA sequencing data have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO accession number GSE196312).

Code availability

All custom MATLAB codes are available upon request through a material transfer agreement.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Sean Linkes, Ann Marie Deslauriers-Cox, and Michael Pihalja for assistance with Flow cytometry. We acknowledge support from the Advanced Genomics Core, the Flow Cytometry Core, and the Center for Molecular Imaging Core of the University of Michigan Medical School’s Biomedical Research Core Facilities.

Funding

We acknowledge support to the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center through National Institutes of Health grant P30CA046592 for flow cytometry and animal imaging studies. The authors acknowledge funding from NIH grants R01CA100768, R01CA238042, R01GM138385, R01CA148828, R01CA245546, R01DK095201, R01CA248160, R35CA197585, R01CA2449310, U01CA210152, R01CA238023, R33CA225549, R50CA221807, and R37CA222563 and funding from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation grant BCRF-18-173. RR lab is funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant agreement No 647973 (R.R.), the Foundation Charles Defforey-Institut de France, and Ligue Contre le Cancer Equipe Labellisée. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1256260 (JMB and AJM). BAH, Ph.D., was supported by an American Cancer Society - Michigan Cancer Research Fund Postdoctoral Fellowship, PF-18-236-01-CCG. ZCN is supported by the Michigan Postdoctoral Pioneer Program at the University of Michigan Medical School.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA

    Johanna M. Buschhaus & Gary D. Luker

  2. Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA

    Johanna M. Buschhaus, Shrila Rajendran, Brock A. Humphries, Alyssa C. Cutter, Nicholas G. Ciavattone, Alexander M. Buschhaus, Avinash S. Bevoor & Gary D. Luker

  3. Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA

    Ayşe J. Muñiz

  4. Institut Curie, Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, PSL Research University, Paris, France

    Tatiana Cañeque & Raphaël Rodriguez

  5. Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Zeribe C. Nwosu, Yatrik M. Shah & Costas A. Lyssiotis

  6. Pediatrics, and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Debashis Sahoo

  7. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yatrik M. Shah

  8. Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yatrik M. Shah

  9. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Costas A. Lyssiotis

  10. Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Pradipta Ghosh

  11. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Max S. Wicha

  12. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA

    Gary D. Luker

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  1. Johanna M. Buschhaus
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Contributions

JMB conceptualized and designed the study, performed experiments, wrote MATLAB code, acquired funding, analyzed data, performed bioinformatics analyses, and wrote the paper. SR performed experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. BAH provided reagents, performed experiments, acquired funding, and analyzed data. ACC, NGC, AMB, and ASB performed experiments. AJM performed experiments and acquired funding. TC provided reagents. YMS, MSW, and RR provided reagents and acquired funding. ZCN, DS, and PG acquired funding and performed bioinformatics analyses. CAL provided reagents, acquired funding, and performed bioinformatics analyses. GDL conceptualized and designed the study, acquired funding, and wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the paper before submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary D. Luker.

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Competing interests

CAL has received consulting fees from Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Odyssey Therapeutics, and T-Knife Therapuetics, and is an inventor on patents pertaining to Kras regulated metabolic pathways, redox control pathways in pancreatic cancer, and targeting the GOT1-pathway as a therapeutic approach (US Patent No: 2015126580-A1, 05/07/2015; US Patent No: 20190136238, 05/09/2019; International Patent No: WO2013177426-A2, 04/23/2015). GDL has received research funding from InterAx Biotech AG and Polyphor (now part of Spexis). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

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Buschhaus, J.M., Rajendran, S., Humphries, B.A. et al. Effects of iron modulation on mesenchymal stem cell-induced drug resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Oncogene 41, 3705–3718 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-022-02385-9

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