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Loss of MAOA in epithelia inhibits adenocarcinoma development, cell proliferation and cancer stem cells in prostate

Oncogene volume 37, pages 5175–5190 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme, which degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines and produces H2O2. Recent studies have shown increased MAOA expression in prostate cancer (PCa), glioma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the biological function of MAOA in cancer development remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of MAOA in the development of prostate adenocarcinoma by creating a prostate-specific Pten/MAOA knockout (KO) mouse model, in which MAOA-floxP mouse was crossed with the conditional Pten KO PCa mouse that develops invasive PCa. In contrast to Pten KO mice, age-matched Pten/MAOA KO mice exhibited a significant decrease in both prostate size and the incidence of invasive cancer. We observed a significant decline in AKT phosphorylation and Ki67 expression in Pten/MAOA KO mice, which reduced epithelial cell growth and proliferation. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are required for tumor initiation and growth, we investigated expression of OCT4 and NANOG in the setting of decreased MAOA expression. We found that both OCT4 and NANOG were significantly attenuated in the prostate epithelia of Pten/MAOA KO mice compared to Pten KO mice, which was confirmed with targeted knockdown of MAOA with a short-hairpin(sh) vector targeting MAOA compared to cells transfected with a control vector. Expression of other markers associated with the a stem cell phenotype, including CD44, α2β1, and CD133 as well as HIF-1α+CD44+ stem cells were all decreased in shMAOA PCa cells compared with empty vector-transfected control cells. We also found spheroid formation ability in PCa cells was decreased when endogenous MAOA was suppressed by siRNA or MAOA inhibitor clorgyline in a colony formation assay. Using the TCGA database, elevated MAOA expression was associated with reduced Pten levels in high Gleason grade in patient samples. Further, we found that Pten-positive PCa cells were more resistant to clorgyline treatments than Pten-null cells in tumorigenicity and stemness. Taken together, these studies suggest that MAOA expression promotes PCa development by increasing cell proliferation and CSCs and highlights the potential use of MAOA inhibitors for the treatment of PCa.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Pradip Roy-Burman for providing the conditional Pten deletion mouse model and for helpful technical discussions, Bin Qian (Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California) for technical assistance, F. Hong for critically reading the manuscript, and all members of the Jean C. Shih Laboratory and the Center for Apply Molecular Medicine at USC for assistance in various aspects of this work.

Funding

This work was supported by the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program grant W81XWH-12-1-0282, the Daniel Tsai Family Fund, and the Boyd and Elsie Welin Professorship (to JCS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Department of Defense or other funding agency.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Chun-Peng Liao, Tzu-Ping Lin, Pei-Chuan Li.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA

    Chun-Peng Liao, Tzu-Ping Lin, Pei-Chuan Li, Lauren A. Geary, Kevin Chen, Vijaya Pooja Vaikari & Jean C. Shih

  2. USC-Taiwan Center for Translation Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA

    Chun-Peng Liao, Tzu-Ping Lin, Pei-Chuan Li, Lauren A. Geary, Kevin Chen, Vijaya Pooja Vaikari & Jean C. Shih

  3. Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033-9075, USA

    Chun-Peng Liao & Mitchell E. Gross

  4. Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, WA, 11221, Taiwan

    Tzu-Ping Lin & Chi-Hung Lin

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, 99210-1495, USA

    Jason Boyang Wu

  6. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089-9176, CA, USA

    Mitchell E. Gross & Jean C. Shih

  7. Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9037, USA

    Jean C. Shih

  8. College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan

    Jean C. Shih

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Correspondence to Jean C. Shih.

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Liao, CP., Lin, TP., Li, PC. et al. Loss of MAOA in epithelia inhibits adenocarcinoma development, cell proliferation and cancer stem cells in prostate. Oncogene 37, 5175–5190 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0325-x

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