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Measuring neuroplasticity in human development: the potential to inform the type and timing of mental health interventions

Neuropsychopharmacology (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Neuroplasticity during sensitive periods, the molecular and cellular process of enduring neural change in response to external stimuli during windows of high environmental sensitivity, is crucial for adaptation to expected environments and has implications for psychiatry. Animal research has characterized the developmental sequence and neurobiological mechanisms that govern neuroplasticity, yet gaps in our ability to measure neuroplasticity in humans limit the clinical translation of these principles. Here, we present a roadmap for the development and validation of neuroimaging and electrophysiology measures that index neuroplasticity to begin to address these gaps. We argue that validation of measures to track neuroplasticity in humans will elucidate the etiology of mental illness and inform the type and timing of mental health interventions to optimize effectiveness. We outline criteria for evaluating putative neuroimaging measures of plasticity in humans including links to neurobiological mechanisms shown to govern plasticity in animal models, developmental change that reflects heightened early life plasticity, and prediction of neural and/or behavior change. These criteria are applied to three putative measures of neuroplasticity using electroencephalography (gamma oscillations, aperiodic exponent of power/frequency) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations). We discuss the use of these markers in psychiatry, envision future uses for clinical and developmental translation, and suggest steps to address the limitations of the current putative neuroimaging measures of plasticity. With additional work, we expect these markers will significantly impact mental health and be used to characterize mechanisms, devise new interventions, and optimize developmental trajectories to reduce psychopathology risk.

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Fig. 1: Importance of plasticity to improved psychiatric care.
Fig. 2
Fig. 3: Schematic illustration of a plasticity marker validation design.

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Funding

The preparation of this manuscript was supported by funding from the National Institute of Mental Health, grants R01 MH113883 (JL, MPH), R01 MH122389 (CMS), R01 MH131584 (CMS) and T32 MH100019 (ANN). Additional support was provided by the Samuel and Mae S. Ludwig Chair in Psychiatry at Barnes-Jewish Hospital.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Max P. Herzberg, Ashley N. Nielsen.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Max P. Herzberg, Joan Luby & Chad M. Sylvester

  2. Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Ashley N. Nielsen

  3. Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Chad M. Sylvester

  4. Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Chad M. Sylvester

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Authors MPH and ANN contributed equally to the manuscript and should be considered co-first authors. All authors made substantial contributions to the conception of the review, drafting and revising for intellectual content, and approved the final version of the manuscript. Each author agrees to be accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the work.

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Herzberg, M.P., Nielsen, A.N., Luby, J. et al. Measuring neuroplasticity in human development: the potential to inform the type and timing of mental health interventions. Neuropsychopharmacol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01947-7

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